Zygmunt Krasiński

Tradition ranks Napoleon Stanisław Adam Ludwig Zygmunt Krasiński, a Polish count, with Adam Mickiewicz and Juliusz Słowacki as one of three national bards of great Romantic poets, who influenced national consciousness during the period of political bondage of Poland.

A mother bore Krasiński, a son, to Wincenty Krasiński, a general and count of the aristocratic family. He studied law at Warsaw University and in Geneva, where he met Adam Mickiewicz.

Krasiński compared as more sociopolitical conservative than the other two poets. He published much of his work anonymously.

People best know him for his philosophical messianist ideas. His drama, Nie-boska Komedia ( The Un-Divine Comedy , 1835), portrays the tragedy of a new order of Communism and

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Lord Byron

George Gordon Byron (invariably known as Lord Byron), later Noel, 6th Baron Byron of Rochdale FRS was a British poet and a leading figure in Romanticism. Amongst Byron's best-known works are the brief poems She Walks in Beauty, When We Two Parted, and So, we'll go no more a roving, in addition to the narrative poems Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and Don Juan. He is regarded as one of the greatest British poets and remains widely read and influential, both in the English-speaking world and beyond.

Byron's notabilty rests not only on his writings but also on his life, which featured upper-class living, numerous love affairs, debts, and separation. He was notably described by Lady Caroline Lamb as "mad, bad, and dangerous to know". Byron served as
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Adam Mickiewicz

To a Pole, the name Adam Mickiewicz is emblematic of Polishness and greatness. What Homer is to the Greeks, or Shakespeare to the English, Mickiewicz is to the Poles. He is a cultural icon, a name inextricably connected with Polish literature and history, and one mentioned with pride. Mickiewicz stands out in the consciousness of Poles both as a man of letters and a political leader.

Despite his unquestionable status and fame, however, much of Mickiewicz's biography is shrouded in mystery. Even the generally accepted date of his birth, December 24. 1798, is uncertain, since it hasn't been determined whether it refers to the Gregorian or the Julian calendar. Nor has it been established conclusively whether Mickiewicz was born in Nowogrodek or
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Aleksander Fredro

Aleksander Fredro was a Polish poet, playwright and author active during Polish Romanticism in the period of partitions by neighboring empires. His works, including plays written in octosyllabic verse (Zemsta) and in prose (Damy i Huzary) as well as fables, belong to the canon of Polish literature. Fredro was harshly criticized by some of his contemporaries for light-hearted humor or even alleged immorality (Seweryn Goszczyński, 1835) which led to years of his literary silence. Many of Fredro's dozens of plays were published and popularized only after his death. His best-known works have been translated into English, French, German, Russian, Czech, Romanian, Hungarian and Slovak.

Source: wikipedia.com
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Seweryn Goszczyński

Seweryn Goszczyński (1801-1876) was a Polish Romantic prose writer and poet.

Goszczyński did not receive a thorough education because his parents were not well off. He studied with breaks in different schools, the Basilian School in Uman being the one where he stayed the longest period of time. At this school he made friends with Zaleski and Grabowski. In 1820 he moved to Warsaw, where he joined the secret Union of Free Polish Brothers. On hearing the news about the outbreak of the insurrection in Greece, in August 1821, he walked to Ukraine in order to get to the fighting rebels via Odessa. Due to the lack of funds he stopped in Ukraine where he remained till 1830, engaging in conspiratorial activities. He frequently changed his lodging as
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Michał Korkosz

Michał Korkosz won the 2017 Saveur Blog Award for best food photography (both Editors’ and Readers’ Choice). He is a food journalist, cake lover, croissant gourmand, and the author of two cookbooks: Fresh from Poland and Polish’d. On his blog, Rozkoszny (which means “delightful”), he connects this love of cooking with another hobby—photography that captures both his delicious dishes and the loved ones he shares them with. He was born and raised in Poland.
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Juliusz Słowacki

Juliusz Słowacki ['juljuʂ swɔ'vatski] (4 September 1809 in Kremenets, Volhynia, Russian Empire now in Ukraine – 3 April 1849 in Paris) was a noted Polish Romantic poet, considered to be one of the "Three Bards" of Polish literature. His works often feature elements of Slavic pagan traditions, mysticism, and Orientalism.

Life and work

Influenced largely by Byron and Shakespeare, Słowacki's early work was often historical in nature, combining exotic locales (as in Arab) and tragedy (as in Maria Stuart). His work took on a more nationalist tone following the failed November Insurrection of 1830 - 1831. Like many of his countrymen, he decided to emigrate to France as a political refugee. Ironically, the first collections of poems he produced in
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Gustaw Herling-Grudziński

Gustaw Herling-Grudziński (May 20, 1919 - July 4, 2000) was a Polish writer, journalist, essayist and soldier. He is best known for writing a personal account of life in the Soviet gulag - A World Apart.

He was born in Kielce. His studies of Polish literature at Warsaw University were interrupted by the outbreak of the Second World War (German invasion of Poland). During the Fall of 1939 he co-founded an underground resistance organization "Polska Ludowa Akcja Niepodległościowa, PLAN". As the organization's courier he traveled to then Soviet occupied Lwów (Lviv), but was arrested in March 1940 by the NKVD and sentenced on fabricated espionage charges. Imprisoned in Vitsebsk and a gulag in Arkhangelsk region for 2 years, he was released in 19
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Zbigniew Herbert

Zbigniew Herbert was a Polish poet, essayist, drama writer, author of plays, and moralist. He was also a member of the Polish resistance movement. Herbert is one of the best known and the most translated post-war Polish writers, and has been nominated several times for the Nobel Prize in literature.
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Joseph Bédier

Bédier was born in Paris, France to Adolphe Bédier, a lawyer of Breton origin, and spent his childhood in Réunion. He was a professor of medieval French literature at the Université de Fribourg, Switzerland (1889–1891) and the Collège de France, Paris (c. 1893).

Modern theories of the fabliaux and the chansons de geste are based on two of Bédier's studies.

Bédier revived interest in several important old French texts, including Le roman de Tristan et Iseut (1900), La chanson de Roland (1921), and Les fabliaux (1893). He was a member of the Académie française from 1920 until his death.

His Tristan et Iseut was translated into Cornish by A. S. D. Smith, into English by Hilaire Belloc and Paul Rosenfeld, and into German by Rudolf G. Binding.

Bédie
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Wisława Szymborska

Wisława Szymborska (Polish pronunciation: [vʲisˈwava ʂɨmˈbɔrska], born July 2, 1923 in Kórnik, Poland) is a Polish poet, essayist, and translator. She was awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature. In Poland, her books reach sales rivaling prominent prose authors—although she once remarked in a poem entitled "Some like poetry" [Niektórzy lubią poezję] that no more than two out of a thousand people care for the art.

Szymborska frequently employs literary devices such as irony, paradox, contradiction, and understatement, to illuminate philosophical themes and obsessions. Szymborska's compact poems often conjure large existential puzzles, touching on issues of ethical import, and reflecting on the condition of people both as individuals and as
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Stanisław Wyspiański

Polish playwright, painter, poet, interior and furniture designer.
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Józef Korzeniowski

see https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3...
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Narcyza Żmichowska

A Polish novelist and poet. She is considered to be one of the precursors of feminism in Poland. Also known under her popular nom de plume Gabryella.

Żmichowska's first novel published in 1846 was Poganka (The Heathen), in which she is known to have expressed interest in her friend Paulina Zbyszewska. The book was published by Northern Illinois University Press in 2012 in English translation by Dr Ursula Phillips. Letters to friends and family written by Żmichowska were published in five volumes by Wrocław University in 1960. There, she also expressed interest in a married man, Edward Dembowski, which led to a known scandal. Her correspondence with Bibianna Moraczewska (an unmarried woman by choice like Narcyza) spanning 32 years consisted m
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Stefan Żeromski

Stefan Żeromski ( [ˈstɛfan ʐɛˈrɔmski] Strawczyn near Kielce, October 14, 1864 – November 20, 1925, Warsaw) was a Polish novelist and dramatist. He was called the "conscience of Polish literature". He also wrote under the pen names: Maurycy Zych, Józef Katerla and Stefan Iksmoreż.

In 1892–96 Żeromski worked as a librarian—during the last two years, as the librarian—at the Polish National Museum in Rapperswil, Switzerland.

In recognition of his literary achievements, he was granted the privilege of using an apartment at the Royal Castle in Warsaw. In 1924 he was shortlisted for the Nobel Prize in literature.[2]

His novel were filmed by Walerian Borowczyk - Dzieje grzechu (A Story of Sin), Andrzej Wajda - Popioły (The Ashes), Filip Bajon - Przedw
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Stanisław Wyspiański

Polish playwright, painter, poet, interior and furniture designer.
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Juliusz Słowacki

Juliusz Słowacki ['juljuʂ swɔ'vatski] (4 September 1809 in Kremenets, Volhynia, Russian Empire now in Ukraine – 3 April 1849 in Paris) was a noted Polish Romantic poet, considered to be one of the "Three Bards" of Polish literature. His works often feature elements of Slavic pagan traditions, mysticism, and Orientalism.

Life and work

Influenced largely by Byron and Shakespeare, Słowacki's early work was often historical in nature, combining exotic locales (as in Arab) and tragedy (as in Maria Stuart). His work took on a more nationalist tone following the failed November Insurrection of 1830 - 1831. Like many of his countrymen, he decided to emigrate to France as a political refugee. Ironically, the first collections of poems he produced in
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Maria Konopnicka

Również:
Marya Konopnicka
Jan Sawa (Pen Name)

Poetka, publicystka, nowelistka, tłumaczka. Zajmowała się krytyką literacką. Pisała liryki stylizowane na ludowe i realistyczne obrazki (W piwnicznej izbie). Wydawała cykle nowel (Moi znajomi, Nowele, Na drodze). W otoczeniu ośmiorga swoich dzieci tworzyła bajki (Na jagody). Jako poetka, inspiracji szukała w naturze (Zimowy poranek). Swoje wiersze publikowała głównie w prasie. Wiersz patriotyczny Rota konkurował z Mazurkiem Dąbrowskiego o miano hymnu Polski. Wiele jej utworów powstało podczas podróży po Europie (Italia). Ostatnie lata życia poświęciła poematowi Pan Balcer w Brazylii.
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Eliza Orzeszkowa

Eliza Orzeszkowa was a Polish novelist and a leading writer of the Positivism movement during foreign Partitions of Poland. In 1905, together with Henryk Sienkiewicz she was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
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Cyprian Kamil Norwid

Polish poet, dramatist, prosaist, essayist, philosopher, painter and sculptor. An outsider, despite his acquaintance with the famous - Chopin, Mickiewicz, Słowacki and Krasiński, he remained underestimated to be finally appreciated in the XX century. Censorship in partitioned Poland forced him to live in Paris. His work included hundreds of poems, some prose, dramas, sketches, paintings and sculptures. His early unfulfilled love formed his style, full of sensitivity. Since then he was mostly lonely, with the first of two other known romances occurring at age of 47. His main interests were writing style, polish society and morality. He spent all money on works of art and journeys to live in London, Berlin, New York and, mostly, Paris.
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Bolesław Prus

Bolesław Prus (pronounced:[bɔ'lεswaf 'prus]; Hrubieszów, August 20, 1847 – May 19, 1912, Warsaw), whose actual name was Aleksander Głowacki, was a Polish journalist and novelist who is known especially for his novels The Doll and Pharaoh. He was the leading representative of realism in 19th-century Polish literature and remains a distinctive voice in world literature. Głowacki took the pen name "Prus" from the name of his family coat-of-arms.

An indelible mark was left on Prus by his experiences as a 15-year-old soldier in the Polish 1863 Uprising against Imperial Russia, in which he suffered severe injuries and imprisonment.

In 1872 at age 25, in Warsaw, Prus settled into a distinguished 40-year journalistic career. As a sideline, to augment
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Adam Mickiewicz

To a Pole, the name Adam Mickiewicz is emblematic of Polishness and greatness. What Homer is to the Greeks, or Shakespeare to the English, Mickiewicz is to the Poles. He is a cultural icon, a name inextricably connected with Polish literature and history, and one mentioned with pride. Mickiewicz stands out in the consciousness of Poles both as a man of letters and a political leader.

Despite his unquestionable status and fame, however, much of Mickiewicz's biography is shrouded in mystery. Even the generally accepted date of his birth, December 24. 1798, is uncertain, since it hasn't been determined whether it refers to the Gregorian or the Julian calendar. Nor has it been established conclusively whether Mickiewicz was born in Nowogrodek or
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Aleksander Fredro

Aleksander Fredro was a Polish poet, playwright and author active during Polish Romanticism in the period of partitions by neighboring empires. His works, including plays written in octosyllabic verse (Zemsta) and in prose (Damy i Huzary) as well as fables, belong to the canon of Polish literature. Fredro was harshly criticized by some of his contemporaries for light-hearted humor or even alleged immorality (Seweryn Goszczyński, 1835) which led to years of his literary silence. Many of Fredro's dozens of plays were published and popularized only after his death. His best-known works have been translated into English, French, German, Russian, Czech, Romanian, Hungarian and Slovak.

Source: wikipedia.com
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Józef Ignacy Kraszewski

Józef Ignacy Kraszewski was a Polish writer, historian and journalist who produced more than 200 novels and 150 novellas, short stories, and art reviews (including painters, e.g., Michał Kulesza). He is best known for his epic series on the history of Poland, comprising twenty-nine novels in seventy-nine parts.

As a novelist writing about Polish history, Kraszewski is generally regarded as second only to Henryk Sienkiewicz.
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Narcyza Żmichowska

A Polish novelist and poet. She is considered to be one of the precursors of feminism in Poland. Also known under her popular nom de plume Gabryella.

Żmichowska's first novel published in 1846 was Poganka (The Heathen), in which she is known to have expressed interest in her friend Paulina Zbyszewska. The book was published by Northern Illinois University Press in 2012 in English translation by Dr Ursula Phillips. Letters to friends and family written by Żmichowska were published in five volumes by Wrocław University in 1960. There, she also expressed interest in a married man, Edward Dembowski, which led to a known scandal. Her correspondence with Bibianna Moraczewska (an unmarried woman by choice like Narcyza) spanning 32 years consisted m
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Józef Korzeniowski

see https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3...
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Grażyna Plebanek

Grażyna Plebanek was born in Warsaw, Poland. She is the author of the highly acclaimed and bestselling novels Box of Stilettos (2002), Girls from Portofino (2005) and A Girl Called Przystupa (2007). Plebanek’s latest novel Illegal Liaisons (2010) sold 27,000 copies in Poland and will be her first novel translated into English. In 2011 Plebanek was awarded the Literary Prize Zlote Sowy for her contribution to promoting Poland abroad. Plebanek is among a group of international artists whose portraits will be exhibited in Brussels Gare del’Ouest for the next 10 years. She lives in Brussels, Belgium.
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Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński

Polish poet of the late Renaissance and a pioneer of the Baroque. The greatest representative of the metaphysical movement of the era in Poland.
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Krystyna Miłobędzka

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystyn...
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