Giorgi Merchule
Giorgi Merchule (Georgian: გიორგი მერჩულე) was a 10th-century Georgian monk, calligrapher and writer who authored "The Vita of Grigol Khandzteli", a hagiographic novel dealing with the life of the prominent Georgian churchman St. Grigol Khandzteli (Gregory of Khandzta) (759-861).
Giorgi was a monk at the Georgian Orthodox monastery of Khandzta in Tao in what is now north-east Turkey. "Merchule" is not the surname of the author but rather an epithet loosely translated as "specialist in canon law" or perhaps "theologian" as posited by the Georgian literary scholar Pavle Ingoroqva. Giorgi's wide knowledge of contemporary canon and patristic literature is indeed evidenced by his work.
"The Vita of Grigol Khandzteli" was composed by Merchule in 95
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Alexander Kazbegi
Alexander Kazbegi (Georgian: ალექსანდრე ყაზბეგი, Aleksandre Kazbegi) (1848–1893) was a Georgian writer, famous for his 1883 novel The Patricide.
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Kazbegi was the great grandson of Kazibek Chopikashvili, a local feudal magnate who was in charge of collecting tolls on the Georgian Military Highway. Alexandre Kazbegi studied in Tblisi, Saint Petersburg and Moscow, but on returning home, decided to become a shepherd to experience the lives of the local people. He later worked as a journalist, and then became a novelist and playwright. In his later life, he suffered from insanity. After his death in Tbilisi, his coffin was carried across the Jvari Pass to his hometown of Kazbegi (now renamed Stepantsminda), which also preserves his childhood home -
David Kldiashvili
David Kldiashvili (Georgian: დავით კლდიაშვილი, Davit' Kldiašvili) (August 29, 1862 – April 24, 1931) was a Georgian prose-writer whose novels and plays are concentrated on the degeneration of the country’s gentry and the miseries of the peasantry, boldly exposing the antagonisms of Georgian society.
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Born to an impoverished petite noble family in the province of Imereti, Georgia (then part of the Russian Empire), he was educated at the military schools of Kiev and Moscow (1880-1882). Returning to Georgia, he joined the Russian army. While serving in Batumi, he was close to the local intelligentsia and engaged in cultural activities. Deemed to be a non-reliable officer, he was forced to resign as a non-reliable officer during the Russian Revol -
Iakob Tsurtaveli
Jacob of Tsurtavi (Georgian: იაკობ ცურტაველი, Iakob Tsurtaveli) also known as Jacob the Priest (იაკობ ხუცესი, Iakob Khutsesi) was the 5th-century Georgian religious writer and priest from Tsurtavi, then the major town of Gogarene and the Lower Iberia.
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A personal priest of Saint Shushanik and an eyewitness of her martyrdom at the hand of her spouse, bidaxae Varsken, Jacob compiled her life in his hagiographic novel the Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik, the oldest surviving work of the Georgian literature written between 476 and 483. Except for scarce information obtained from his work, nothing more is known about Jacob’s life. -
Mikheil Javakhishvili
Mikheil Javakhishvili (Georgian: მიხეილ ჯავახიშვილი; other surname: Adamashvili, ადამაშვილი) (November 8, 1880 – September 30, 1937) was a Georgian novelist who is regarded as one of the top twentieth-century Georgian writers. His first story appeared in 1903, but then the writer lapsed into a long pause before returning to writing in the early 1920s. His recalcitrance to the Soviet ideological pressure cost him life: he was executed during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge and his writings were banned for nearly twenty years. In the words of the modern British scholar of Russian and Georgian literature, Donald Rayfield, "his vivid story-telling, straight in medias res, his buoyant humour, subtle irony, and moral courage merit comparison with tho
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Shota Rustaveli
Shota Rustaveli (Georgian: შოთა რუსთაველი) (born approx. c. 1160 – died after c. 1220), was a Georgian poet of the 12th century, and one of the greatest contributors to Georgian literature. He is author of "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" (ვეფხისტყაოსანი, Vepkhistkaosani), the Georgian national epic poem.
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Little, if anything, is known about Rustaveli from contemporary sources. His poem itself, namely the prologue, provides a clue to his identity: the poet identifies himself as "a certain Rustveli." "Rustveli" is not a surname, but a territorial epithet which can be interpreted as "of/from/holder of Rustavi." Later Georgian authors of the 15th–18th centuries are more informative: they are almost unanimous in identifying him as Shota Rustave -
Akaki Tsereteli
Prince Akaki Tsereteli (Georgian: აკაკი წერეთელი; June 9, 1840-January 26, 1915) was a prominent Georgian poet and national liberation movement figure.
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Born in the village of Skhvitori (Imereti region of western Georgia) on June 9, 1840, to a prominent Georgian aristocratic family; his father was Prince Rostom Tsereteli; his mother, Princess Ekaterine, was a daughter of Ivane Abashidze and a great-granddaughter of King Solomon I of Imereti. Following an old family tradition, Akaki Tsereteli spent his childhood years living with a peasant’s family in the village of Savane. He was brought up by peasant nannies, all of which made him feel empathy for the peasants’ life in Georgia.
He graduated from the Kutaisi Gymnasium in 1852 and the Universit -
Niko Lortkipanidze
მწერალი და საზოგადო მოღვაწე. 1907-08 წლებში გერმანულის მასწავლებლად მუშაობდა თბილისის სათავადაზნაურო გიმნაზიაში, ეწეოდა პუბლიცისტურ და საგამომცემლო საქმიანობას. იყო გაზეთ „ერის“ რედაქტორი, რომელიც რუსეთის ხელისუფლებამ დახურა ეროვნული პოზიციის გამო.1910-11 წლებში მისი რედაქტორობით გამოდიოდა ყოველკვირეული ჟურნალი „ცხოვრება და ლიტერატურა“. 1917 წლიდან მუშაობდა ეროვნულ-დემოკრატიული პარტიის გაზეთ „სამშობლოს“ პასუხისმგებელ მდივნად, მოგვიანებით კი ამავე გაზეთის რედაქტორი გახდა.საქართველოში საბჭოთა ხელისუფლების დამყარების შემდეგ ქუთაისში ნიკო ლორთქიფანიძის რედაქტორობით გამოდიოდა ლიტერატურული ალმანახი „კრებული“.
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Guram Rcheulishvili
Guram Rcheulishvili was born on July 4, 1934 in Tbilisi. In 1957 he graduated Tbilisi State University on historical faculty. His first stories, which were printed in newspaper “Tsiskari” in 1957, brought him a big success. In writer’s life, only see of his works were published. His collected works “Salamura” were published after his death, in 1961. Rcheulishvili’s prose attracted reader by its style, dialogues and ideas. He wrote stories like the mustangs or slow tango. Nowadays he is still popular. Guram Rcheulishvili’s works are translated on German, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Lithuanian, Czech and Russian languages. At age of 26, he died in Gagra on 23 August 1960, when saving an unknown Russian girl in a rough sea. Buried in Tbilisi, at Vak
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Franz Kafka
Prague-born writer Franz Kafka wrote in German, and his stories, such as " The Metamorphosis " (1916), and posthumously published novels, including The Trial (1925), concern troubled individuals in a nightmarishly impersonal world.
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Jewish middle-class family of this major fiction writer of the 20th century spoke German. People consider his unique body of much incomplete writing, mainly published posthumously, among the most influential in European literature.
His stories include "The Metamorphosis" (1912) and " In the Penal Colony " (1914), whereas his posthumous novels include The Trial (1925), The Castle (1926) and Amerika (1927).
Despite first language, Kafka also spoke fluent Czech. Later, Kafka acquired some knowledge of -
Alexander Kazbegi
Alexander Kazbegi (Georgian: ალექსანდრე ყაზბეგი, Aleksandre Kazbegi) (1848–1893) was a Georgian writer, famous for his 1883 novel The Patricide.
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Kazbegi was the great grandson of Kazibek Chopikashvili, a local feudal magnate who was in charge of collecting tolls on the Georgian Military Highway. Alexandre Kazbegi studied in Tblisi, Saint Petersburg and Moscow, but on returning home, decided to become a shepherd to experience the lives of the local people. He later worked as a journalist, and then became a novelist and playwright. In his later life, he suffered from insanity. After his death in Tbilisi, his coffin was carried across the Jvari Pass to his hometown of Kazbegi (now renamed Stepantsminda), which also preserves his childhood home -
Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani
Sulkhan Orbeliani was born into a prestigious dynasty of the Georgian nobility, with close ties to the Royal Bagrationi Dynasty. He was a great figure of the Renaissance; he was a remarkable fabulist, great lexicographer, translator, diplomat and scientist. The words of one of the French missioner Jean Richard brilliantly conform to his great authority among his contemporaries, “I believe him to be the father of all Georgia."
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Sulkhan Saba Orbeliani was born on the 4th of November, 1658, in Village Tandzia near Bolnisi in the Kvemo Kartli. He spent his childhood and adolescence there. He was brought up at court of King Giorgi XI and got encyclopedic education due to the Great Palace Library. When he was 20–25 years old he wrote a collection o -
Nodar Dumbadze
Nodar Dumbadze (July 14, 1928 – September 4, 1984) was a Georgian writer and one of the most popular authors in the late 20th-century Georgia.
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Born in Tbilisi, he graduated from the Faculty of Law at Tbilisi State University in 1950. The same year, his first poems and humorous stories appeared in the Georgian press. He edited the satirical magazine Niangi from 1967 until 1972 when he became a secretary of the Union of Georgian Writers and a member of the presidium of the Union of Soviet Writers in 1972. Most of his fame came through his novels Me, Grandma, Iliko and Ilarioni (1960), I Can See the Sun (1962), A Sunny Night (1967), Don’t Be Afraid, Mother! (1971), The White Banners (1973), and The Law of Eternity (1978). His works are remarkab -
Konstantine Gamsakhurdia
Konstantine Gamsakhurdia was a Georgian classical writer of the 20th century and a famous public benefactor, Academician of the Georgian Academy of Sciences (GAS), Ph.D. of the Berlin University, and Laureate of the Shota Rustaveli State Prize of Georgia.
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Konstantine Gamsakhurdia was born in 1893, in the town of Abasha (Samegrelo, region of Western Georgia). His father was Prince Svimon Gamsakhurdia. In 1911 Konstantine graduated from the Georgian Gymnasium of Kutaisi (Western Georgia) and in 1918 from the Berlin University (Germany).
In 1918 Gamsakhurdia became a member of the Board of the Constituent Society of the Tbilisi State University (TSU) and from 1920 - 1924 served as the Associate Professor of German literature at the same Universi -
Guram Dochanashvili
Guram Dochanashvili (Georgian: გურამ დოჩანაშვილი) (born March 26, 1939) was a Georgian prose writer, a historian by profession, who has been popular for his short stories since the 1970s.
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Dochanashvili was born in Tbilisi, the capital of then-Soviet Georgia. Having graduated from the Tbilisi State University in 1962, he worked for the Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography, and participated in several archaeological expeditions from 1962 to 1975. He then managed the prose section of the literary magazine Mnatobi from 1975 to 1985. Since 1985, he has been a director-in-chief of the Gruziya-film studio.
Dochanashvili debuted as a writer in 1961. He was immediately noted for his rejection of the Soviet literary dogmas of Social Realis -
Jemal Karchkhadze
Jemal Karchkhadze (Georgian: ჯემალ ქარჩხაძე; 1936–1998) was a Georgian writer. He is the author of six novels, some short stories and essays. His works are conceptual and gained popularity after his death. His novel Antonio and David (ანტონიო და დავითი, 1987) was published in Swedish in 2013 and in Arabic in 2014.
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Jemal Karchkhadze was born in 1936 in the village of Ukhuti in Vani in western Georgia. He graduated in 1960 with a degree in Georgian language and literature at Tbilisi State University. His short story Igi (იგი) was published in 1977. This was followed by his most important novels The Caravan (ქარავანი, 1984), Antonio and David (ანტონიო და დავითი, 1987) and Zebulon (ზებულონი, 1988). He died in 1998 in Tbilisi.
Jemal Karchkhadze wa -
Akaki Tsereteli
Prince Akaki Tsereteli (Georgian: აკაკი წერეთელი; June 9, 1840-January 26, 1915) was a prominent Georgian poet and national liberation movement figure.
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Born in the village of Skhvitori (Imereti region of western Georgia) on June 9, 1840, to a prominent Georgian aristocratic family; his father was Prince Rostom Tsereteli; his mother, Princess Ekaterine, was a daughter of Ivane Abashidze and a great-granddaughter of King Solomon I of Imereti. Following an old family tradition, Akaki Tsereteli spent his childhood years living with a peasant’s family in the village of Savane. He was brought up by peasant nannies, all of which made him feel empathy for the peasants’ life in Georgia.
He graduated from the Kutaisi Gymnasium in 1852 and the Universit -
Shota Rustaveli
Shota Rustaveli (Georgian: შოთა რუსთაველი) (born approx. c. 1160 – died after c. 1220), was a Georgian poet of the 12th century, and one of the greatest contributors to Georgian literature. He is author of "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" (ვეფხისტყაოსანი, Vepkhistkaosani), the Georgian national epic poem.
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Little, if anything, is known about Rustaveli from contemporary sources. His poem itself, namely the prologue, provides a clue to his identity: the poet identifies himself as "a certain Rustveli." "Rustveli" is not a surname, but a territorial epithet which can be interpreted as "of/from/holder of Rustavi." Later Georgian authors of the 15th–18th centuries are more informative: they are almost unanimous in identifying him as Shota Rustave -
Vazha-Pshavela
Vazha-Pshavela (Georgian: ვაჟა-ფშაველა, July 26, 1861 – July 10, 1915) is the pen-name of the Georgian poet and writer Luka Razikashvili , a classic of the new Georgian literature.
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Vazha-Pshavela was born in a small village Chargali (Pshavi mountainous province in Eastern Georgia) in a family of clergyman. He graduated from the Pedagogical Seminary in Gori 1882, where he became close to Georgian populists (narodniki). Then 1883 entered Law Department of St. Petersburg University (Russia) as a non-credit student, but returned to Georgia in 1884 due to financial restraints. Worked as a teacher of Georgian language. He was also a famous representative of a National-Liberation movement of Georgia.
Vazha-Pshavela started his literature activities -
Ilia Chavchavadze
Ilia Chavchavadze (Georgian: ილია ჭავჭავაძე; 8 November 1837 – 12 September 1907) was a Georgian writer, poet, journalist, lawyer, politicial and public figure who spearheaded the revival of the Georgian national movement in the second half of the 19th century, during the Russian rule of Georgia. Today he is widely regarded as one of the founding fathers of modern Georgia. In 1987 he was canonized as Saint Ilia the Righteous (წმინდა ილია მართალი) by the Georgian Orthodox Church. Today, Georgians revere Chavchavadze as Pater Patriae (Father of the Fatherland) of Georgia.
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Inspired by the contemporary liberal movements in Europe, as a writer and a public figure, Ilia Chavchavadze directed much of his efforts toward awakening national ideals in -
Mikheil Javakhishvili
Mikheil Javakhishvili (Georgian: მიხეილ ჯავახიშვილი; other surname: Adamashvili, ადამაშვილი) (November 8, 1880 – September 30, 1937) was a Georgian novelist who is regarded as one of the top twentieth-century Georgian writers. His first story appeared in 1903, but then the writer lapsed into a long pause before returning to writing in the early 1920s. His recalcitrance to the Soviet ideological pressure cost him life: he was executed during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge and his writings were banned for nearly twenty years. In the words of the modern British scholar of Russian and Georgian literature, Donald Rayfield, "his vivid story-telling, straight in medias res, his buoyant humour, subtle irony, and moral courage merit comparison with tho
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Niko Lortkipanidze
მწერალი და საზოგადო მოღვაწე. 1907-08 წლებში გერმანულის მასწავლებლად მუშაობდა თბილისის სათავადაზნაურო გიმნაზიაში, ეწეოდა პუბლიცისტურ და საგამომცემლო საქმიანობას. იყო გაზეთ „ერის“ რედაქტორი, რომელიც რუსეთის ხელისუფლებამ დახურა ეროვნული პოზიციის გამო.1910-11 წლებში მისი რედაქტორობით გამოდიოდა ყოველკვირეული ჟურნალი „ცხოვრება და ლიტერატურა“. 1917 წლიდან მუშაობდა ეროვნულ-დემოკრატიული პარტიის გაზეთ „სამშობლოს“ პასუხისმგებელ მდივნად, მოგვიანებით კი ამავე გაზეთის რედაქტორი გახდა.საქართველოში საბჭოთა ხელისუფლების დამყარების შემდეგ ქუთაისში ნიკო ლორთქიფანიძის რედაქტორობით გამოდიოდა ლიტერატურული ალმანახი „კრებული“.
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Iakob Tsurtaveli
Jacob of Tsurtavi (Georgian: იაკობ ცურტაველი, Iakob Tsurtaveli) also known as Jacob the Priest (იაკობ ხუცესი, Iakob Khutsesi) was the 5th-century Georgian religious writer and priest from Tsurtavi, then the major town of Gogarene and the Lower Iberia.
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A personal priest of Saint Shushanik and an eyewitness of her martyrdom at the hand of her spouse, bidaxae Varsken, Jacob compiled her life in his hagiographic novel the Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik, the oldest surviving work of the Georgian literature written between 476 and 483. Except for scarce information obtained from his work, nothing more is known about Jacob’s life. -
David Kldiashvili
David Kldiashvili (Georgian: დავით კლდიაშვილი, Davit' Kldiašvili) (August 29, 1862 – April 24, 1931) was a Georgian prose-writer whose novels and plays are concentrated on the degeneration of the country’s gentry and the miseries of the peasantry, boldly exposing the antagonisms of Georgian society.
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Born to an impoverished petite noble family in the province of Imereti, Georgia (then part of the Russian Empire), he was educated at the military schools of Kiev and Moscow (1880-1882). Returning to Georgia, he joined the Russian army. While serving in Batumi, he was close to the local intelligentsia and engaged in cultural activities. Deemed to be a non-reliable officer, he was forced to resign as a non-reliable officer during the Russian Revol -
Nikoloz Baratashvili
Nikoloz "Tato" Baratashvili was a Georgian poet. He was one of the first Georgians to marry a modern nationalism with European Romanticism and to introduce "Europeanism" into Georgian literature. Despite his early death and a tiny literary heritage of fewer than forty short lyrics, one extended poem, and a few private letters, Baratashvili is considered to be the high point of Georgian Romanticism. He was referred as the "Georgian Byron".
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Nikoloz Baratashvili, affectionately known as Tato, was born in Tiflis (Tbilisi), Georgia's capital, which was then a principal city of Russian Transcaucasia. His father, Prince Meliton Baratashvili (1795–1860), was an impoverished nobleman working for the Russian administration. His mother, Ephemia Orbeli -
Davit Guramishvili
Prince Davit Guramishvili (Georgian: დავით გურამიშვილი) was a Georgian poet who wrote the finest pieces of pre-Romantic Georgian literature. His poetic talents thrived far from his motherland, being forced by personal misfortunes and turmoil in Georgia to spend several years in the Russian military service until his retirement to his small Ukrainian estate at Myrhorod where he made eighty-seven years of his tragic and turbulent life into one cycle of autobiographical poetry, the Davitiani, which he sent to Georgia through a Georgian embassy returning from the Russian empire in 1787.
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Dato Turashvili
David Turashvili [Georgian: დავით (დათო) ტურაშვილი] is a Georgian fiction writer.
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In 1989, he was one of the leaders of the student protest action taking place at the Davidgareja monasteries in eastern Georgia, whose territory was exploited by the Soviet Union military as a training ground. His first novels, published in 1988, are based on the turmoil of those events. The premier of his play Jeans Generation was held in May 2001. Turashvili's other publications include the travelogues Katmandu (1998) and Known and Unknown America (1993), and two collections of short fiction and movie scripts; his first collection of short fiction is Merani (1991).
Besides scripts, he writes novels, short stories and plays. Dato Turashvili has published about -
Nikoloz Baratashvili
Nikoloz "Tato" Baratashvili was a Georgian poet. He was one of the first Georgians to marry a modern nationalism with European Romanticism and to introduce "Europeanism" into Georgian literature. Despite his early death and a tiny literary heritage of fewer than forty short lyrics, one extended poem, and a few private letters, Baratashvili is considered to be the high point of Georgian Romanticism. He was referred as the "Georgian Byron".
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Nikoloz Baratashvili, affectionately known as Tato, was born in Tiflis (Tbilisi), Georgia's capital, which was then a principal city of Russian Transcaucasia. His father, Prince Meliton Baratashvili (1795–1860), was an impoverished nobleman working for the Russian administration. His mother, Ephemia Orbeli -
Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani
Sulkhan Orbeliani was born into a prestigious dynasty of the Georgian nobility, with close ties to the Royal Bagrationi Dynasty. He was a great figure of the Renaissance; he was a remarkable fabulist, great lexicographer, translator, diplomat and scientist. The words of one of the French missioner Jean Richard brilliantly conform to his great authority among his contemporaries, “I believe him to be the father of all Georgia."
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Sulkhan Saba Orbeliani was born on the 4th of November, 1658, in Village Tandzia near Bolnisi in the Kvemo Kartli. He spent his childhood and adolescence there. He was brought up at court of King Giorgi XI and got encyclopedic education due to the Great Palace Library. When he was 20–25 years old he wrote a collection o -
Davit Guramishvili
Prince Davit Guramishvili (Georgian: დავით გურამიშვილი) was a Georgian poet who wrote the finest pieces of pre-Romantic Georgian literature. His poetic talents thrived far from his motherland, being forced by personal misfortunes and turmoil in Georgia to spend several years in the Russian military service until his retirement to his small Ukrainian estate at Myrhorod where he made eighty-seven years of his tragic and turbulent life into one cycle of autobiographical poetry, the Davitiani, which he sent to Georgia through a Georgian embassy returning from the Russian empire in 1787.
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Ekaterine Gabashvili
Ekaterine Gabashvili (Georgian: ეკატერინე გაბაშვილი) née Tarkhnishvili (თარხნიშვილი) (16 June 1851 – 7 August 1938) was a Georgian female writer and public figure.
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She was born into an aristocratic family in Gori, Georgia, then part of Imperial Russia. She authored several sentimental novels and stories about the sorrows of village schoolteachers and peasant life. In the 1900s, she abandoned fiction for autobiography. Gabashvili is also known as one of the first Georgian feminists and women’s rights activists. In 1958, a movie Magdanas lurja (Magdana’s Donkey), based on Gabashvili’s one of the most remarkable novels and directed by Tengiz Abuladze and Revaz Chkheidze, won prizes at the international film festivals at Cannes and Edinburgh.