Garcilaso de la Vega
Garcilaso de la Vega (Toledo, c. 1501– Le Muy, Nice, France, October 14, 1536), was a Spanish soldier and poet. The prototypical "Renaissance man," he was the most influential (though not the first or the only) poet to introduce Italian Renaissance verse forms, poetic techniques and themes to Spain. His exact birth date is unknown, but estimations by scholars put his year of birth between 1498 and 1503.
Garcilaso was born in the Spanish city of Toledo. His father, Pedro Suárez de Figueroa, was a noble in the royal court of the Catholic Kings. His mother's name was Sancha de Guzmán. He had six brothers and sisters: Leanor, Pedro, Fernando, Francisco, Gonzalo, and Juana. Garcilaso was the second-oldest son which meant he did not receive the m
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Miguel Hernández, born in Orihuela (Alicante Province), was a leading 20th century Spanish poet and playwright.
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Hernández was born to a poor family and received little formal education; he published his first book of poetry at 23, and gained considerable fame before his death. He spent his childhood as a goatherd and farmhand, and was, for the most part, self-taught, although he did receive basic education from state schools and the Jesuits. He was introduced to literature by friend Ramon Sijé. As a youth, Hernández greatly admired the Spanish Baroque lyric poet Luis de Góngora, who was an influence in his early works. Like many Spanish poets of his era, he was deeply influenced by European vanguard movements, notably by Surrealism. Though H -
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Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas, Spanish poet and dramatist
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Luis de León
A mother bore Luis Ponce de León in 1527.
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Luis de León joined Ordo eremitarum sancti Augustini (eremitic order of Saint Augustine) as an Augustinian friar (fray in Spanish). This Spanish lyric poet, theologian, and academic acted during the golden age.
Luis de León together with Francisco de Aldana, Alonso de Ercilla, Fernando de Herrera and Saint John of the Cross ranked as the most important poets of the second phase of the Renaissance in Spain. The desire of the soul to get away from everything earthly to achieve promises, identified with peace and knowledge, of God inspired his work, part of the ascetic literature of the second half of the 16th century. Moral and ascetic themes dominate all his work.
In addition, Gregory XIII oversaw co -
John of the Cross
St. John of the Cross (Spanish: Juan de la Cruz), born June 24 1542, Juan de Yepes Álvarez, was a major Counter-Reformation figure, a Spanish mystic, Catholic saint, Carmelite friar and priest. He was a reformer of the Carmelite Order and is considered, along with St Teresa of Ávila, as a founder of the Discalced Carmelites. He's also known for his writings. Both his poetry & his studies on the growth of the soul are considered the summit of mystical Spanish literature & a peak of all Spanish literature. He was canonized as a saint in 1726 by Pope Benedict XIII. He is one of the 33 Doctors of the Church. (less)
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Juan Ruiz
Juan Ruiz (ca. 1283 – ca. 1350), known as the Archpriest of Hita (Arcipreste de Hita), was a medieval Spanish poet. He is best known for his ribald, earthy poem, Libro de buen amor (The Book of Good Love). He was born either in Alcalá de Henares, or perhaps Alcalá la Real, a village of Jaén, then part of al-Andalus, or Muslim Spain. Little is known about him today, save that he was a cleric and probably studied in Toledo. Though his birth name is known to be Juan Ruiz, he is widely referred to by his title of "Archpriest of Hita."
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Gonzalo de Berceo
Gonzalo de Berceo (ca. 1197 – before 1264) was a Spanish poet born in the Riojan village of Berceo, close to the major Benedictine monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla. He is celebrated for his poems on religious subjects, written in a style of verse which has been called Mester de Clerecía, shared with more secular productions such as the Libro de Alexandre, the Libro de Apolonio. He is considered the first Spanish poet known by name.
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Pedro Calderón de la Barca
Pedro Calderón de la Barca y Henao was a dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age.
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Calderón initiated what has been called the second cycle of Spanish Golden Age theatre. Whereas his predecessor, Lope de Vega, pioneered the dramatic forms and genres of Spanish Golden Age theatre, Calderón polished and perfected them. Whereas Lope's strength lay in the sponteneity and naturalness of his work, Calderón's strength lay in his capacity for poetic beauty, dramatic structure and philosophical depth. Calderón was a perfectionist who often revisited and reworked his plays, even long after they debuted. This perfectionism was not just limited to his own work: many of his plays rework existing plays or scenes by other dramatists, improving their depth, comp -
Federico García Lorca
Born in Fuente Vaqueros, Granada, Spain, June 5 1898; died near Granada, August 19 1936, García Lorca is one of Spain's most deeply appreciated and highly revered poets and dramatists. His murder by the Nationalists at the start of the Spanish civil war brought sudden international fame, accompanied by an excess of political rhetoric which led a later generation to question his merits; after the inevitable slump, his reputation has recovered (largely with a shift in interest to the less obvious works). He must now be bracketed with Machado as one of the two greatest poets Spain has produced in the 20th century, and he is certainly Spain's greatest dramatist since the Golden Age.
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Fernando de Rojas
We know little information about Fernando de Rojas, a Castilian author.
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He wrote La Celestina , originally titled Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea, in 1499. People see this description of a tragic love affair as the beginning of literary Renaissance of Spain. The author published anonymously but revealed his name and famous birthplace in an acrostic code at the beginning of the second edition in the year 1500. None of his contemporaries mention him, and we know of no other work.
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Lope de Vega
Lope de Vega was a Spanish Baroque playwright and poet. His reputation in the world of Spanish letters is second only to that of Cervantes, while the sheer volume of his literary output is unequaled: he is estimated to have written up to 1,500 three-act plays – of which some 425 have survived until the modern day – together with a plethora of shorter dramatic and poetic works.
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Francisco de Quevedo
Francisco Gómez de Quevedo y Santibáñez Villegas was a nobleman, politician and writer of the Spanish Golden Age. His style is categorized by what was called conceptismo, characterized by a rapid rhythm, directness, simple vocabulary, witty metaphors, and wordplay.
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Jorge Manrique
Jorge Manrique (c. 1440 – 1479) was a major Spanish poet, whose main work, the Coplas a la muerte de su padre (Stanzas about the Death of his Father), is still read today. He was a supporter of the great Spanish queen, Isabel I of Castile, and actively participated on her side in the civil war that broke out against her half-brother, Enrique IV, when the latter attempted to make his daughter, Juana, crown princess. Jorge died in 1479 during an attempt to take the castle of Garcimuñoz, defended by Marquis of Villena (a staunch enemy of Isabel), after Isabel gained the crown.
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Manrique was a great-nephew of Iñigo López de Mendoza (marquess of Santillana), a descendant of Pero López de Ayala, chancellor of Castile, and a nephew of Gómez Manrique -
Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer
Gustavo Adolfo Domínguez Bastida, better known as Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, was a Spanish post-romanticist writer of poetry, short stories, and nonfiction now considered one of the most important figures in Spanish literature. He adopted the alias of Bécquer as his brother Valeriano Bécquer, a painter, had done earlier. He was associated with the post-romanticism movement and wrote while realism was enjoying success in Spain. He was moderately well known during his life, but it was after his death that most of his works were published.
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He is best known for his intimate, lyrical poems and for his legends; more importantly, he is remembered for the verbal decor with which he impregnated everything he wrote. A Romantic poet above all else, Bécqu -
Miguel de Unamuno
Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo was born in the medieval centre of Bilbao, Basque Country, the son of Félix de Unamuno and Salomé Jugo. As a young man, he was interested in the Basque language, and competed for a teaching position in the Instituto de Bilbao, against Sabino Arana. The contest was finally won by the Basque scholar Resurrección María de Azcue.
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Unamuno worked in all major genres: the essay, the novel, poetry and theatre, and, as a modernist, contributed greatly to dissolving the boundaries between genres. There is some debate as to whether Unamuno was in fact a member of the Generation of '98 (an ex post facto literary group of Spanish intellectuals and philosophers that was the creation of José Martínez Ruiz — a group that includes An -
Pablo Neruda
Pablo Neruda, born Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto in 1904 in Parral, Chile, was a poet, diplomat, and politician, widely considered one of the most influential literary figures of the 20th century. From an early age, he showed a deep passion for poetry, publishing his first works as a teenager. He adopted the pen name Pablo Neruda to avoid disapproval from his father, who discouraged his literary ambitions. His breakthrough came with Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada (Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, 1924), a collection of deeply emotional and sensual poetry that gained international recognition and remains one of his most celebrated works.
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Neruda’s career took him beyond literature into diplomacy, a path that a -
Luis de León
A mother bore Luis Ponce de León in 1527.
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Luis de León joined Ordo eremitarum sancti Augustini (eremitic order of Saint Augustine) as an Augustinian friar (fray in Spanish). This Spanish lyric poet, theologian, and academic acted during the golden age.
Luis de León together with Francisco de Aldana, Alonso de Ercilla, Fernando de Herrera and Saint John of the Cross ranked as the most important poets of the second phase of the Renaissance in Spain. The desire of the soul to get away from everything earthly to achieve promises, identified with peace and knowledge, of God inspired his work, part of the ascetic literature of the second half of the 16th century. Moral and ascetic themes dominate all his work.
In addition, Gregory XIII oversaw co -
Juan de Valdés
Juan de Valdés (c.1500 – August 1541) was a Spanish religious writer.
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He was the younger of twin sons of Fernando de Valdés, hereditary regidor of Cuenca in Castile, where Valdés was born. He has been confused with his twin brother Alfonso (a courtier of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who attended Charles's coronation in Aachen in 1520 and was Latin secretary of state from 1524). Alfonso died in 1532 at Vienna. -
Fernán González de Eslava
Poeta y dramaturgo español, nacido tal vez en Toledo y afincado en México, donde se publicaron en 1610 sus Coloquios espirituales y sacramentales y canciones divinas al cuidado de Fray Fernando Vello de Bustamante, pues el autor, al parecer, había muerto ya. Poseemos pocos datos sobre la vida de este autor, aunque sí se sabe que, en América pasó por un proceso inquisitorial a causa de ciertas coplas (1575). Aunque, para algunos, este es un motivo para sospechar su pertenencia al grupo de los conversos, lo cierto es que en 1579 se ordenó sacerdote. Su obra dramática está constituida por dieciséis coloquios, nueve loas y cuatro entremeses que aparecen, salvo el titulado Entremés entre dos rufianes, dentro de los coloquios.
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Ángel González
Nació en Oviedo el 6 de septiembre de 1925. Su infancia se vio fuertemente marcada por la muerte de su padre, fallecido cuando apenas tenía dieciocho meses de edad. La descomposición del seno familiar continuó durante la Guerra Civil Española, cuando su hermano Manolo fue asesinado por el bando franquista en 1936. Posteriormente su hermano Pedro se exilió por sus actividades republicanas y su hermana Maruja no pudo ejercer como maestra por el mismo motivo. En 1943 enferma de tuberculosis, por lo que inicia un lento proceso de recuperación en Páramo del Sil, donde se aficiona a leer poesía y empieza a escribirla él mismo. Tres años más tarde se halla ya por fin recuperado, aunque siempre arrastrará una insuficiencia respiratoria que al cabo
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