Yusuf Akçura
YUSUF AKÇURA; 2 Aralık 1876’da Moskova’nın doğusundaki Ulyanovsk’ta (eski adıyla Simbir) dünyaya geldi. Kazan’a göç etmiş Kırım Türkleri’nden aristokrat bir ailenin mensubu idi. Babası çuha fabrikası sahibi fabrikatör Hasan Bey, annesi Yunusoğulları’ndan Bibi Kamer Banu Hanım idi. 2 yaşında iken babasını kaybetti ve annesi ile birlikte yedi yaşına gelmeden İstanbul’a göç ettiler. Annesi, İstanbul’da Dağıstanlı Osman Bey ile evlendi. Kuleli Askeri Lisesi’nde öğrenim gördükten sonra 1895 yılında Harbiye Mektebi’ne girdi. Okulun 2. sınıfında iken Türkçülük hareketlerine katılmaktan dolayı 45 gün ceza aldı. Erkân-ı Harbiye sınıfına ayrıldıktan sonra askeri mahkeme tarafından müebbet olarak Fizan’a sürgün edildi ve askerlikten uzaklaştırıldı. Fi
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Zafer Toprak
1946 yılında doğdu. 1969 yılında Ankara Üniversitesi Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü’nü bitirdi. 1971’de Londra Üniversitesi’nde ‘Alan Araştırmaları’ konusunda yüksek lisansını tamamladı. 1981 yılında Londra Üniversitesi’nde ekonomi doktorasını verdi. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi’nde Ekonomi ve Toplum Tarihi profesörü olarak görev yaptı. Tarih Vakfı’nın başkan yardımcısı ve Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü’nün kurucu başkanıdır.
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Yalçın Küçük
Yalçın Küçük (d. 1 Temmuz 1938, İskenderun), Türk sosyalist, yazar, düşünür, ekonomist, tarihçi, isim-bilimci, medya ve edebiyat eleştirmeni, Kürdolog,Sovyetolog, siyaset bilimci, teorisyen, gençlik önderi.
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Yalçın Küçük, İskenderun'a Halep'ten gelip yerleşmiş bir ailenin çocuğudur. Baba tarafından Türkmen, anne tarafından ise Kafkasyalı bir aileye mensuptur. Kabataş Lisesi'nden mezun olmasının ardından, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi’ndeki öğrencilik hayatı boyunca; Fikir Kulüpleri Federasyonu, ardından Sosyalist Fikir Kulüpleri Federasyonu, Dev-Genç ve Türkiye Halk Kurtuluş Partisi olan Fikir Kulübü Başkanlığı’nı yaptı. Siyasal Bilgiler’i 1960 senesinde birincilikle bitiren Küçük, 27 Mayıs Darbesinde, büyük öğrenci eylemleri -
Jack London
John Griffith Chaney, better known as Jack London, was an American novelist, journalist and activist. A pioneer of commercial fiction and American magazines, he was one of the first American authors to become an international celebrity and earn a large fortune from writing. He was also an innovator in the genre that would later become known as science fiction.
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London was part of the radical literary group "The Crowd" in San Francisco and a passionate advocate of animal rights, workers’ rights and socialism. London wrote several works dealing with these topics, such as his dystopian novel The Iron Heel, his non-fiction exposé The People of the Abyss, War of the Classes, and Before Adam.
His most famous works include The Call of the Wild and Wh -
Émile Zola
Émile Zola was a prominent French novelist, journalist, and playwright widely regarded as a key figure in the development of literary naturalism. His work profoundly influenced both literature and society through its commitment to depicting reality with scientific objectivity and exploring the impact of environment and heredity on human behavior. Born and raised in France, Zola experienced early personal hardship following the death of his father, which deeply affected his understanding of social and economic struggles—a theme that would later permeate his writings.
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Zola began his literary career working as a clerk for a publishing house, where he developed his skills and cultivated a passion for literature. His early novels, such as Thérèse -
Karl Marx
With the help of Friedrich Engels, German philosopher and revolutionary Karl Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1867-1894), works, which explain historical development in terms of the interaction of contradictory economic forces, form many regimes, and profoundly influenced the social sciences.
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German social theorist Friedrich Engels collaborated with Karl Marx on The Communist Manifesto in 1848 and on numerous other works.
Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin in London opposed Communism of Karl Marx with his antithetical anarchy.
Works of Jacques Martin Barzun include Darwin, Marx, Wagner (1941).
The Prussian kingdom introduced a prohibition on Jews, practicing law; in response, a man converted to Protestantism -
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Genevan philosopher and writer Jean Jacques Rousseau held that society usually corrupts the essentially good individual; his works include The Social Contract and Émile (both 1762).
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This important figure in the history contributed to political and moral psychology and influenced later thinkers. Own firmly negative view saw the post-hoc rationalizers of self-interest, apologists for various forms of tyranny, as playing a role in the modern alienation from natural impulse of humanity to compassion. The concern to find a way of preserving human freedom in a world of increasingly dependence for the satisfaction of their needs dominates work. This concerns a material dimension and a more important psychological dimensions. Rousseau a fact -
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes was a British philosopher and a seminal thinker of modern political philosophy. His ideas were marked by a mechanistic materialist foundation, a characterization of human nature based on greed and fear of death, and support for an absolute monarchical form of government. His 1651 book Leviathan established the foundation for most of Western political philosophy from the perspective of social contract theory.
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He was also a scholar of classical Greek history and literature, and produced English translation of Illiad, Odyssey and History of Peloponnesian War. -
Arthur Schopenhauer
Arthur Schopenhauer was born in the city of Danzig (then part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; present day Gdańsk, Poland) and was a German philosopher best known for his work The World as Will and Representation. Schopenhauer attempted to make his career as an academic by correcting and expanding Immanuel Kant's philosophy concerning the way in which we experience the world.
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He was the son of author Johanna Schopenhauer and the older brother of Adele Schopenhauer. -
Niccolò Machiavelli
The Prince , book of Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian political theorist, in
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1513 describes an indifferent ruler to moral considerations with determination to achieve and to maintain power.
Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli, a philosopher, musician, and poet, wrote plays. He figured centrally in component of the Renaissance, and people most widely know his realist treatises on the one hand and republicanism of Discourses on Livy .
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Michel de Montaigne
Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (1532-1592) was one of the most influential writers of the French Renaissance. Montaigne is known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre. He became famous for his effortless ability to merge serious intellectual speculation with casual anecdotes and autobiography—and his massive volume Essais (translated literally as "Attempts") contains, to this day, some of the most widely influential essays ever written. Montaigne had a direct influence on writers the world over, from William Shakespeare to René Descartes, from Ralph Waldo Emerson to Stephan Zweig, from Friedrich Nietzsche to Jean-Jacques Rousseau. He was a conservative and earnest Catholic but, as a result of his anti-dogmatic cast of mind, he is consi
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Leo Tolstoy
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Russian: Лев Николаевич Толстой; most appropriately used Liev Tolstoy; commonly Leo Tolstoy in Anglophone countries) was a Russian writer who primarily wrote novels and short stories. Later in life, he also wrote plays and essays. His two most famous works, the novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina, are acknowledged as two of the greatest novels of all time and a pinnacle of realist fiction. Many consider Tolstoy to have been one of the world's greatest novelists. Tolstoy is equally known for his complicated and paradoxical persona and for his extreme moralistic and ascetic views, which he adopted after a moral crisis and spiritual awakening in the 1870s, after which he also became noted as a moral thinker and soc
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Ágota Kristóf
Ágota Kristóf was a Hungarian writer, who lived in Switzerland and wrote in French. Kristof received the European prize for French literature for The Notebook (1986). She won the 2001 Gottfried Keller Award in Switzerland and the Austrian State Prize for European Literature in 2008.
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Kristof's first steps as a writer were in the realm of poetry and theater (John et Joe, Un rat qui passe), which is a facet of her works that did not have as great an impact as her trilogy. In 1986 Kristof’s first novel, The Notebook appeared. It was the beginning of a moving trilogy. The sequel titled The Proof came 2 years later. The third part was published in 1991 under the title The Third Lie. The most important themes of this trilogy are war and destructio -
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Étienne de La Boétie
Étienne de La Boétie (ou Estienne de La Boetie was a French judge, writer and "a founder of modern political philosophy in France". He is best remembered as the great and close friend of the eminent essayist Michel de Montaigne "in one of history's most notable friendships", as well as an earlier influence for anarchist thought.
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Étienne de La Boétie (or Estienne de La Boetie est un écrivain humaniste et un poète français. La Boétie est célèbre pour son Discours de la servitude volontaire. À partir de 1558, il fut l’ami intime de Montaigne, qui lui rendit un hommage posthume dans ses Essais. -
Halide Edib Adıvar
Halide Edib Adıvar was a Turkish novelist and feminist political leader. She was best known for her novels criticizing the low social status of Turkish women and what she saw as the disinterest of most women in changing their situation. She also served as a soldier in the Turkish military during the Turkish War of Independence.
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Her father was a secretary of the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II. She and her family were affiliated with the Dönmeh, a group that publicly practiced Islam but secretly practiced a form of Judaism called Sabbateanism. Edip was educated at home by private tutors from whom she learned European and Ottoman literature, religion, philosophy, sociology, piano, English, French, and Arabic. She learned Greek from her neighbors -
Ziya Gökalp
Mehmet Ziya Gökalp (d. 23 Mart 1875, Çermik – ö. 25 Ekim 1924, İstanbul), yapıtları ve görüşleriyle Türkçülüğü ve Türk milliyetçiliğini önemli ölçüde etkileyen Türk toplumbilimci, yazar, şair ve siyasetçidir. Meclis-i Mebusan'da ve Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi'nde milletvekilliği yapmıştır. "Türk millîyetçiliğinin babası" olarak da anılır.
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Reşat Nuri Güntekin
Reşat Nuri Güntekin (Istanbul, 25 November 1889 - London, 13 December 1956) was a Turkish novelist, storywriter and playwright. His novel, Çalıkuşu ("The Wren", 1922) is about the destiny of a young Turkish female teacher in Anatolia; the movie was filmed on this book in 1966, and remade as TV series in 1986. His narrative has a detailed and precise style, with a realistic tone. His other significant novels include Yeşil Gece ("Green Night") and Yaprak Dökümü ("The Fall Of Leaves")
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Biography
His father was a major in the army. Reşat Nuri attended primary school in Çanakkale, the Çanakkale Secondary School and the İzmir School of Freres. He graduated from Istanbul University, Faculty of Literature in 1912. He worked as a teacher and administra -
Fyodor Dostoevsky
Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский (Russian)
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Works, such as the novels Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1869), and The Brothers Karamazov (1880), of Russian writer Feodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky or Dostoevski combine religious mysticism with profound psychological insight.
Very influential writings of Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin included Problems of Dostoyevsky's Works (1929),
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky composed short stories, essays, and journals. His literature explores humans in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century and engages with a variety of philosophies and themes. People most acclaimed his Demons(1872) .
Many literary critics rate him among the greatest authors of worl -
Grigory Petrov
(1868 - 1925), Orthodox priest and a leading proponent of Christian social activism.
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Grigory Petrov was born in Iamburg, St. Petersburg province. He was educated at the diocesan seminary and the St. Petersburg Ecclesiastical Academy (1887 - 1891), and on graduating became a priest in a St. Petersburg church.
Petrov was also active as a writer. In his most successful work, The Gospel as the Foundation of Life (1898), he argued that Christian believers were required to apply the literal teachings of Jesus to every aspect of their lives in order to begin building the Kingdom of God here on earth. Petrov knew of the American Social Gospel movement, but his ideas were shaped by his encounters with new conceptions of pastorship and Christian activi -
İlber Ortaylı
İlber Ortaylı (born 21 May 1947), is a leading Turkish historian, professor of history at the Galatasaray University in Istanbul and at Bilkent University in Ankara. Since 2005 he has been the head of the Topkapı Museum in Istanbul.
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As the son of a Crimean Tatar family who fled Joseph Stalin's persecution and deportation, he was born in a refugee camp in Bregenz, Austria on 21 May 1947 and came to Turkey when he was 2 years old. Ortaylı attended elementary school and St. George's Austrian High School in İstanbul and then Ankara Atatürk High School. He graduated from Ankara University Mekteb-i Mülkiye (Faculty of Political Science) and completed his postgraduate studies at the University of Chicago under Professor Halil İnalcık and at the Uni -
Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu
Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu, (d. 27 Mart 1889, Kahire, Mısır – ö. 3 Aralık 1974, Ankara). Türk romancı, gazeteci, şair, diplomat.
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Roman, öykü ve makaleleri ile Türk toplumunun Tanzimat’tan bu yana geçirdiği değişiklikleri anlatmış bir yazardır. Asıl ününü romanları ile sağlayan yazarın en ünlü romanları Nur Baba, Kiralık Konak ve Yaban'dır. Edebiyat yaşamının başında Fecr-i Ati edebiyat topluluğunun kurucu üyeleri arasında yer almış; daha sonra ferdiyetçi düşüncelerden uzaklaşarak toplumcu edebiyatı kabul etmiş bir yazar olarak değerlendirilir.
Milli Mücadele yıllarında ve sonrasında etkin bir siyasal yaşam sürmüştür. Milli Mücadeleden itibaren Atatürk’ün yakın arkadaşları arasında yer almış; TBMM II., IV., XII. dönemlerde milletvekiliği yapmış -
Falih Rıfkı Atay
Atatürk üzerine çalışmalarıyla tanınmış gazeteci, yazar Falih Rıfkı Atay 1894'te İstanbul'da doğmuştur. Öğrenimini İstanbul Edebiyat Fakültesi'nde yaptı. 1908 devriminden sonra "Tanin" gazetesinde gazeteciliğe başladı. Bir yandan gazetelere, dergilere yazılar yazıyor, bir yandan da Babiâli Mektubi Kalemi'ne devam ediyordu (1913). Bir süre sonra, oradan Dahiliye Hususi Kalemi'ne kâtip olarak geçti. Falih Rıfkı Atay Birinci Dünya Savaşı'na yedek subay olarak katıldı. Bir süre sonra 4. Ordu Komutanı Cemal Paşa'nın emir subayı olarak, Kudüs'te ve Suriye'de bulundu. Bu arada, resmi görevle birtakım Avrupa yolculuklarına da katıldı. Savaş sona erince, Bahriye Hususi Kalem Müdür muavinliğine atandı. O sıralarda iki arkadaşıyla birlikte "Akşam" gaz
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Namık Kemal
Türk milliyetçiliğinin öncülerinden, Genç Osmanlı hareketi mensubu, ünlü Türk yazar, gazeteci, devlet adamı, şairdir.
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Yurtseverlik, hürriyet, millet kavramlarına bağlı bir Tanzimat Devri aydınıdır. Bu kavramları Türk fikir hayatına ve edebiyatına sokan kişi kabul edilir. Heyecanlı, kavgacı kişiliği, akıcı, parlak üslubu nedeniyle devrinin diğer yazarlarından daha fazla tanındı .“Vatan Şairi” ve “Hürriyet Şairi” olarak anılan Namık Kemal, şiirin yanı sıra tenkit, biyografi, tiyatro, roman, târih ve makale türlerinde eserler verdi.
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurucusu Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ü eserleri ve fikirleriyle etkiledi. -
Anton Chekhov
Dramas, such as The Seagull (1896, revised 1898), and including "A Dreary Story" (1889) of Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, also Chekov, concern the inability of humans to communicate.
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Born ( Антон Павлович Чехов ) in the small southern seaport of Taganrog, the son of a grocer. His grandfather, a serf, bought his own freedom and that of his three sons in 1841. He also taught to read. A cloth merchant fathered Yevgenia Morozova, his mother.
"When I think back on my childhood," Chekhov recalled, "it all seems quite gloomy to me." Tyranny of his father, religious fanaticism, and long nights in the store, open from five in the morning till midnight, shadowed his early years. He attended a school for Greek boys in Taganrog from 1867 -
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Selahattin Enis
1892 yılında Antalya’da doğdu. Aslen Gürcistan’daki Atabek hanedanından gelir. Bu yüzden sonraları Atabeyoğlu soyadını aldı. Babası Jandarma Albayı Ahmet Enis, annesi Çeşme eşrafından bir ailenin kızı olan Naime Hanım’dır. İlk ve ortaöğrenimini babasının tayinleri dolayısıyla Anadolu’nun çeşitli yerlerinde tamamladı. Hukuk fakültesine girdi. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın çıkması üzerine öğrenimi yarım kaldı. Yedek subay olarak askerlik görevine başladı. Savaştan sonra Demiryolları’nda çalıştı, Ayan Meclisi katipliği, Denizyolları müfettişliği ve yayıncılık faaliyetlerinde bulundu. 11 Haziran 1942’de İstanbul’da vefat etti, Feriköy mezarlığına gömüldü.
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Yayın hayatı on altı yıl sürdü. 1912 yılında Anadolu gazetesi (Konya), Rübab dergisinde ilk yaz -
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