Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz
Iwaszkiewicz was born in Kalnik (now in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine). After the death of his father (an accountant), he and his mother lived in Warsaw between 1902–1904, and then moved back to Ukraine in 1904–1912. He graduated from a secondary school in Kiev in 1912 and enrolled at the Law Faculty of Kiev University. After World War I, in October 1918 he returned to Warsaw. There, he joined a group of local artists who had started Pro Arte et Studio arts magazine. Iwaszkiewicz with Julian Tuwim and Antoni Słonimski co-founded the Skamander group of experimental poets in 1919.
In 1922 he married Anna Lilpop, a daughter of a wealthy entrepreneur, and the couple settled in Podkowa Leśna in the suburb of Warsaw. In 1928 they moved to a newly buil
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Andrzej Stasiuk
Andrzej Stasiuk is one of the most successful and internationally acclaimed contemporary Polish writers, journalists and literary critics. He is best known for his travel literature and essays that describe the reality of Eastern Europe and its relationship with the West.
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After being dismissed from secondary school, Stasiuk dropped out also from a vocational school and drifted aimlessly, became active in the Polish pacifist movement and spent one and a half years in prison for deserting the army - as legend has it, in a tank. His experiences in prison provided him with the material for the stories in his literary debut in 1992. Titled Mury Hebronu ("The Walls of Hebron"), it instantly established him as a premier literary talent. After a col -
Bruno Jasieński
Bruno Jasienski, born Wiktor Zysman, was a Polish poet and leader of the Polish futurist movement, executed during the Polish operation of the NKVD in the Soviet Union.
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He was born to a Polish family of Zysmans with Jewish and German roots, but from his mother's side he was a descendant of nobility. His father, Jakub Zysman, was a local doctor and a social worker, member of the local intelligentsia.
In 1929 Jasienski moved to the USSR and settled in Leningrad, where he accepted Soviet citizenship, and was quickly promoted by the authorities. In 1932 he transferred from the Polish division of the French Communist Party to the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and soon became a prominent member of that organization. He migrated to Moscow. -
Witold Gombrowicz
Gombrowicz was born in Małoszyce, in Congress Poland, Russian Empire to a wealthy gentry family. He was the youngest of four children of Jan and Antonina (née Kotkowska.) In 1911 his family moved to Warsaw. After completing his education at Saint Stanislaus Kostka's Gymnasium in 1922, he studied law at Warsaw University (in 1927 he obtained a master’s degree in law.) Gombrowicz spent a year in Paris where he studied at the Institut des Hautes Etudes Internationales; although he was less than diligent in his studies his time in France brought him in constant contact with other young intellectuals. He also visited the Mediterranean.
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When he returned to Poland he began applying for legal positions with little success. In the 1920s he started wr -
Zofia Nałkowska
Zofia Nałkowska (10 November 1884, Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire - 17 December 1954, Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish writer.
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Born into a family of intellectuals dedicated to the socialist cause, she studied in the Flying University and become one of Poland's most distinguished writers of prose, characterized by realism and psychological depth.
Her first success was Romans Teresy Hennert ("The love of Therese Hennert", 1923). She is best known for her books Granica ("The Frontier", 1935); Węzły życia ("Bonds of Life", 1948) and Medaliony ("Medallions", 1947). -
Bruno Schulz
Bruno Schulz was a Polish writer, fine artist, literary critic and art teacher of Jewish descent. He was regarded as one of the great Polish-language prose stylists of the 20th century.
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At a very early age, Schulz developed an interest in the arts. He studied at a gymnasium in Drohobycz from 1902 to 1910, and proceeded to study architecture at Lwów University. In 1917 he briefly studied architecture in Vienna. After World War I, the region of Galicia which included Drohobycz became a Polish territory. In the postwar period, Schulz came to teach drawing in a Polish gymnasium, from 1924 to 1941. His employment kept him in his hometown, although he disliked his profession as a schoolteacher, apparently maintaining it only because it was his so -
Stanisław Barańczak
Stanisław Barańczak was a Polish poet, literary critic, translator, scholar, editor and lecturer. His book, "Chirurgiczna Precyzja" ("Surgical Precision"), won the 1999 Nike Award.
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He was the brother of the popular children's book writer Małgorzata Musierowicz. -
Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz
Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (24 February 1885 – 18 September 1939), commonly known as Witkacy, was a Polish writer, painter, philosopher, playwright, novelist, and photographer active in the interwar period.
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Born in Warsaw, Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz was a son of the painter, architect and an art critic Stanisław Witkiewicz. His mother was Maria Pietrzkiewicz Witkiewiczowa. Both of his parents were born in the Samogitian region of Lithuania. His godmother was the internationally famous actress Helena Modrzejewska.
Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz – a writer, playwright, poet, painter, photographer, philosopher and an art theoretician. Witkacy was a visionary ahead of his times, and yet a concretely pungent prankster, whose cutting-egde judgement -
Tadeusz Różewicz
Tadeusz Różewicz - poet, playwright, and novelist, was one of Poland's most versatile and pre-eminent modern writers.
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Remarkable for his simultaneous mastery of poetry, prose, and drama, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature. Tadeusz Różewicz has been translated into over forty languages. The most recent English-language volumes, recycling (2001), New Poems (2007) and Sobbing Superpower (2011), were finalists for the 2003 Popescu Prize (UK), the 2008 National Book Critics Award (USA) and the 2012 Griffin Prize (Canada) respectively. In 2007 he was awarded the European Prize for Literature.
Mother Departs (Matka odchodzi, 1999), exploring the life of his mother Stefania, is perhaps his most personal work. It won the Nike Prize i -
Maria Kuncewiczowa
Maria Kuncewiczowa was a Polish writer and novelist.
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She studied music and literature in Kraków, Warsaw and Paris. She initially wrote for literary magazines under a pseudonym, and published her first book in 1926. In 1938 she was awarded the Gold Laurel (Złoty Wawrzyn) of the Polish Academy of Literature. After 1939 she lived in France, England and the United States. From 1962-1968, she lectured in Polish literature at the University of Chicago. Around 1969, she returned to Poland, to live in Kazimierz nad Wisłą, and in the years 1970-1984 she spent the winter months in Italy. She won a number of literary awards in Poland during her lifetime.
Her most famous work is Cudzoziemka (translated to English as The Stranger), considered one of the m -
Erich Maria Remarque
Erich Maria Remarque was a German novelist best known for All Quiet on the Western Front (1929), a landmark anti-war novel based on his experiences in World War I. The book became an international bestseller, defining a new genre of veterans’ literature and inspiring multiple film adaptations. Its strong anti-war themes led to condemnation by the Nazi regime, which banned and burned his works.
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Born Erich Paul Remark in 1898, he adopted the surname Remarque to honor his French ancestry. He served on the Western Front during World War I, where he was wounded, and later pursued various jobs, including teaching, editing, and technical writing. After the massive success of All Quiet on the Western Front, he wrote several other novels addressing w -
Émile Zola
Émile Zola was a prominent French novelist, journalist, and playwright widely regarded as a key figure in the development of literary naturalism. His work profoundly influenced both literature and society through its commitment to depicting reality with scientific objectivity and exploring the impact of environment and heredity on human behavior. Born and raised in France, Zola experienced early personal hardship following the death of his father, which deeply affected his understanding of social and economic struggles—a theme that would later permeate his writings.
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Zola began his literary career working as a clerk for a publishing house, where he developed his skills and cultivated a passion for literature. His early novels, such as Thérèse -
Milan Kundera
Milan Kundera (1 April 1929 – 11 July 2023) was a Czech and French novelist. He went into exile in France in 1975, acquiring citizenship in 1981. His Czechoslovak citizenship was revoked in 1979, but he was granted Czech citizenship in 2019.
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Kundera wrote in Czech and French. He revises the French translations of all his books; people therefore consider these original works as not translations. He is best known for his novels, including The Joke (1967), The Book of Laughter and Forgetting (1979), and The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1984), all of which exhibit his extreme though often comical skepticism. -
Witold Gombrowicz
Gombrowicz was born in Małoszyce, in Congress Poland, Russian Empire to a wealthy gentry family. He was the youngest of four children of Jan and Antonina (née Kotkowska.) In 1911 his family moved to Warsaw. After completing his education at Saint Stanislaus Kostka's Gymnasium in 1922, he studied law at Warsaw University (in 1927 he obtained a master’s degree in law.) Gombrowicz spent a year in Paris where he studied at the Institut des Hautes Etudes Internationales; although he was less than diligent in his studies his time in France brought him in constant contact with other young intellectuals. He also visited the Mediterranean.
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When he returned to Poland he began applying for legal positions with little success. In the 1920s he started wr -
Andrzej Sapkowski
Andrzej Sapkowski, born June 21, 1948 in Łódź, is a Polish fantasy and science fiction writer. Sapkowski studied economics, and before turning to writing, he had worked as a senior sales representative for a foreign trade company. His first short story, The Witcher (Wiedźmin), was published in Fantastyka, Poland's leading fantasy literary magazine, in 1986 and was enormously successful both with readers and critics. Sapkowski has created a cycle of tales based on the world of The Witcher, comprising three collections of short stories and five novels. This cycle and his many other works have made him one of the best-known fantasy authors in Poland in the 1990s.
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The main character of The Witcher (alternative translation: The Hexer) is Geralt, -
Ota Pavel
A Czech writer, journalist and sport reporter. He is primarily an author of autobiographical and biographical novels.
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Sławomir Mrożek
Sławomir Mrożek (born June 29, 1930, died August 15, 2013) was a Polish dramatist and writer.
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Mrożek joined the Polish United Workers' Party during the reign of Stalinism in the People's Republic of Poland, and made a living as a political journalist.
In the late 1950s Mrożek begun writing plays. His first play, "Policja" (The Police), was published in 1958. Mrożek emigrated to France in 1963 and then further to Mexico. He traveled in France, England, Italy, Yugoslavia and other European countries. In 1996 he returned to Poland and settled in Kraków.
His first full-length play "Tango" (1964) – a family saga – is still along with "The Emigrants" (a bitter and ironic portrait of two Polish emigrants in Paris) his best-known work, and continue to -
Bruno Schulz
Bruno Schulz was a Polish writer, fine artist, literary critic and art teacher of Jewish descent. He was regarded as one of the great Polish-language prose stylists of the 20th century.
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At a very early age, Schulz developed an interest in the arts. He studied at a gymnasium in Drohobycz from 1902 to 1910, and proceeded to study architecture at Lwów University. In 1917 he briefly studied architecture in Vienna. After World War I, the region of Galicia which included Drohobycz became a Polish territory. In the postwar period, Schulz came to teach drawing in a Polish gymnasium, from 1924 to 1941. His employment kept him in his hometown, although he disliked his profession as a schoolteacher, apparently maintaining it only because it was his so -
Maria Kuncewiczowa
Maria Kuncewiczowa was a Polish writer and novelist.
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She studied music and literature in Kraków, Warsaw and Paris. She initially wrote for literary magazines under a pseudonym, and published her first book in 1926. In 1938 she was awarded the Gold Laurel (Złoty Wawrzyn) of the Polish Academy of Literature. After 1939 she lived in France, England and the United States. From 1962-1968, she lectured in Polish literature at the University of Chicago. Around 1969, she returned to Poland, to live in Kazimierz nad Wisłą, and in the years 1970-1984 she spent the winter months in Italy. She won a number of literary awards in Poland during her lifetime.
Her most famous work is Cudzoziemka (translated to English as The Stranger), considered one of the m -
Ango Sakaguchi
From Niigata, Sakaguchi (坂口安吾) was one of a group of young Japanese writers to rise to prominence in the years immediately following Japan's defeat in World War II. In 1946 he wrote his most famous essay, titled "Darakuron" ("On Decadence"), which examined the role of bushido during the war. It is widely argued that he saw postwar Japan as decadent, yet more truthful than a wartime Japan built on illusions like bushido.
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Ango was born in 1906, and was the 12th child of 13. He was born in the middle of a Japan perpetually at war. His father was the president of the Niigata Shinbun (Newspaper), a politician, and a poet.
Ango wanted to be a writer at 16. He moved to Tokyo at 17, after hitting a teacher who caught him truanting. His father died fr -
Bolesław Prus
Bolesław Prus (pronounced:[bɔ'lεswaf 'prus]; Hrubieszów, August 20, 1847 – May 19, 1912, Warsaw), whose actual name was Aleksander Głowacki, was a Polish journalist and novelist who is known especially for his novels The Doll and Pharaoh. He was the leading representative of realism in 19th-century Polish literature and remains a distinctive voice in world literature. Głowacki took the pen name "Prus" from the name of his family coat-of-arms.
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An indelible mark was left on Prus by his experiences as a 15-year-old soldier in the Polish 1863 Uprising against Imperial Russia, in which he suffered severe injuries and imprisonment.
In 1872 at age 25, in Warsaw, Prus settled into a distinguished 40-year journalistic career. As a sideline, to augment -
Zofia Nałkowska
Zofia Nałkowska (10 November 1884, Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire - 17 December 1954, Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish writer.
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Born into a family of intellectuals dedicated to the socialist cause, she studied in the Flying University and become one of Poland's most distinguished writers of prose, characterized by realism and psychological depth.
Her first success was Romans Teresy Hennert ("The love of Therese Hennert", 1923). She is best known for her books Granica ("The Frontier", 1935); Węzły życia ("Bonds of Life", 1948) and Medaliony ("Medallions", 1947). -
Tadeusz Konwicki
Prose writer, screenwriter and film director. Founder of the 'cinema d'auteur' in Poland and author of 20 books. Born in 1926 in Nowa Wilejka, near Vilnius (today Naujoji Vilnia, Lithuania), died on January 7th in Warsaw at 88 years old.
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Konwicki was educated at the Universities of Cracow and Warsaw and began writing for newspapers and periodicals. He served on the editorial boards of leading literary magazines and followed the official Communist Party line. His first work, Przy budowie (1950; “At the Construction Site”), won the State Prize for Literature. He began a career as a filmmaker and scriptwriter in 1956; his film Ostatni dzień lata (“The Last Day of Summer”) won the Venice Film Festival Grand Prix in 1958. By the late 1960s he had -
Gabriela Zapolska
Maria Gabriela Stefania Korwin-Piotrowska, known as Gabriela Zapolska, was a Polish novelist, playwright, naturalist writer, feuilletonist, theatre critic and stage actress. Zapolska wrote 41 plays, 23 novels, 177 short stories, 252 works of journalism, one film script, and over 1,500 letters. She received most recognition for her socio-satirical comedies. [wikipedia]
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Gabriela Zapolska, właśc. Maria Gabriela Janowska z domu Piotrowska herbu Korwin, primo voto Śnieżko-Błocka (ur. 30 marca 1857 w Podhajcach, zm. 17 grudnia 1921 we Lwowie) – polska aktorka, dramatopisarka, powieściopisarka i publicystka.
Przedstawicielka polskiego naturalizmu, wykpiwała moralną obłudę mieszczaństwa; pisała komedie satyryczne, dramaty i powieści. [wikipedia] -
Stanisław Wyspiański
Polish playwright, painter, poet, interior and furniture designer.
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Stefan Żeromski
Stefan Żeromski ( [ˈstɛfan ʐɛˈrɔmski] Strawczyn near Kielce, October 14, 1864 – November 20, 1925, Warsaw) was a Polish novelist and dramatist. He was called the "conscience of Polish literature". He also wrote under the pen names: Maurycy Zych, Józef Katerla and Stefan Iksmoreż.
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In 1892–96 Żeromski worked as a librarian—during the last two years, as the librarian—at the Polish National Museum in Rapperswil, Switzerland.
In recognition of his literary achievements, he was granted the privilege of using an apartment at the Royal Castle in Warsaw. In 1924 he was shortlisted for the Nobel Prize in literature.[2]
His novel were filmed by Walerian Borowczyk - Dzieje grzechu (A Story of Sin), Andrzej Wajda - Popioły (The Ashes), Filip Bajon - Przedw -
Gustaw Herling-Grudziński
Gustaw Herling-Grudziński (May 20, 1919 - July 4, 2000) was a Polish writer, journalist, essayist and soldier. He is best known for writing a personal account of life in the Soviet gulag - A World Apart.
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He was born in Kielce. His studies of Polish literature at Warsaw University were interrupted by the outbreak of the Second World War (German invasion of Poland). During the Fall of 1939 he co-founded an underground resistance organization "Polska Ludowa Akcja Niepodległościowa, PLAN". As the organization's courier he traveled to then Soviet occupied Lwów (Lviv), but was arrested in March 1940 by the NKVD and sentenced on fabricated espionage charges. Imprisoned in Vitsebsk and a gulag in Arkhangelsk region for 2 years, he was released in 19 -
Joanna Kuciel-Frydryszak
Joanna Kuciel-Frydryszak – dziennikarka, absolwentka polonistyki na Uniwersytecie Wrocławskim. Autorka biografii Słonimski. Heretyk na ambonie (Wydawnictwo W.A.B. 2012), nominowanej w najważniejszych konkursach na Historyczną Książkę Roku (im. K. Moczarskiego i O. Haleckiego), cenionej biografii Kazimiery Iłłakowiczówny Iłła (Marginesy 2017), nominowanej do Nagrody im. Józefa Łukaszewicza, oraz bestsellerowej książki Służące do wszystkiego (Marginesy 2018), która znalazła się na liście dziesięciu najważniejszych książek 2018 roku dwumiesięcznika "Książki. Magazyn do Czytania" i dostała nominację do Nagrody Historycznej "Polityki" oraz Nagrody "Newsweeka" im. T. Torańskiej. Jej najnowsza książka Chłopki. Opowieść o naszych babkach (Marginesy
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Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz
Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (24 February 1885 – 18 September 1939), commonly known as Witkacy, was a Polish writer, painter, philosopher, playwright, novelist, and photographer active in the interwar period.
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Born in Warsaw, Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz was a son of the painter, architect and an art critic Stanisław Witkiewicz. His mother was Maria Pietrzkiewicz Witkiewiczowa. Both of his parents were born in the Samogitian region of Lithuania. His godmother was the internationally famous actress Helena Modrzejewska.
Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz – a writer, playwright, poet, painter, photographer, philosopher and an art theoretician. Witkacy was a visionary ahead of his times, and yet a concretely pungent prankster, whose cutting-egde judgement -
Czesław Miłosz
Czesław Miłosz was a Nobel Prize winning poet and author of Polish-Lithuanian heritage. He memorialised his Lithuanian childhood in a 1955 novel, The Issa Valley , and in the 1959 memoir Native Realm . After graduating from Sigismund Augustus Gymnasium in Vilnius, he studied law at Stefan Batory University and in 1931 he travelled to Paris, where he was influenced by his distant cousin Oscar Milosz, a French poet of Lithuanian descent and a Swedenborgian. His first volume of poetry was published in 1934.
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After receiving his law degree that year, he again spent a year in Paris on a fellowship. Upon returning, he worked as a commentator at Radio Wilno, but was dismissed, an action described as stemming from either his leftist views or f -
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Stanisław Przybyszewski
Pisarz, poeta, dramaturg i publicysta. Urodzony 7 maja 1868 w Łojewie pod Kruszwicą, zmarł 23 listopada 1927 w Jarontach pod Inowrocławiem.
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Rozgłos zdobył w Berlinie, gdzie był jednym z bohaterów międzynarodowego środowiska artystycznego. Opublikował tam m.in. głośny esej "Zur Psychologie des Individuums. I - Chopin und Nietzsche. II - Ola Hansson" 1892 oraz poematy Totenmesse, 1895 (wersja polska Requiem aeternam, 1904), Vigilien, 1895 (wersja polska Z cyklu Wigilii, 1899), De profundis, 1895 (wersja polska 1900), Androgyne, 1900. Zapoczątkował w nich problemy konstytutywne dla całej jego twórczości: indywidualizm, status metafizyczny i społeczny jednostki twórczej, los geniuszy, sens przynależnych im atrybutów "degeneracji" i "choroby". Pr -
Jerzy Andrzejewski
Jerzy Andrzejewski was a Polish novelist, short-story writer, and political dissident noted for his attention to moral issues important in 20th-century Poland and for his realistic fiction.
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Andrzejewski was born into a middle-class family, and the young writer studied Polish language and literature at the University of Warsaw. The stories published in his first book, Drogi nieuniknione (1936; “Unavoidable Ways”), originally appeared in a right-wing periodical, with whom he soon severed relations. That volume was followed by the novel Ład serca (1938; “Heart’s Harmony”), in which Andrzejewski tried to find in Roman Catholic teachings solutions to the problems of contemporary life. During the German occupation of World War II, he participated -
Biernat z Lublina
Born 1465 – Died 1529
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Biernat z Lublina was a Polish poet, fabulist, translator and physician. He was one of the first Polish-language writers known by name, and the most interesting of the earliest ones. He expressed plebeian, Renaissance and religiously liberal opinions.
Biernat wrote the first book printed in the Polish language: printed in 1513, in Kraków at Poland's first printing establishment, operated by Florian Ungler — a prayer-book, Raj duszny (Hortulus Animae, Eden of the Soul).
Biernat also penned the first secular work in Polish literature: a collection of verse fables, plebeian and anticlerical in nature: Żywot Ezopa Fryga (The Life of Aesop the Phrygian), 1522. -
Włodzimierz Odojewski
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Włodimierz Odojewski (Polen, 1930-2016) wrote numerous novels, stories, theater plays and poems. He was awarded many literary prizes. In 1971 he emigrated to Paris and subsequently to München, to return to Poland again in 1989.