Ignazio Silone
Figlio di una tessitrice e di un piccolo proprietario terriero, perde assai presto il padre e la madre, nel terremoto che nel gennaio del ‘15 distrugge gran parte della Marsica. Interrotti gli studi liceali, si dà alla politica quale socialista attivo e prende parte alle lotte contro la guerra e al movimento operaio rivoluzionario; nel 1921 partecipa a Livorno alla fondazione del Partito Comunista (che rappresenta a Mosca, con Togliatti, nel Komintern), ma se ne stacca nel 1930, in disaccordo con le purghe staliniane. Antifascista, resta in esilio in Svizzera dal 1930 al 1945, anni durante i quali matura la sua vocazione di scrittore. Pubblicato in traduzione tedesca a Zurigo nel 1933, “Fontamara” è il suo romanzo d’esordio, che lo impone a
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Italo Calvino
Italo Calvino was born in Cuba and grew up in Italy. He was a journalist and writer of short stories and novels. His best known works include the Our Ancestors trilogy (1952-1959), the Cosmicomics collection of short stories (1965), and the novels Invisible Cities (1972) and If On a Winter's Night a Traveler (1979).
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His style is not easy to classify; much of his writing has an air reminiscent to that of fantastical fairy tales (Our Ancestors, Cosmicomics), although sometimes his writing is more "realistic" and in the scenic mode of observation (Difficult Loves, for example). Some of his writing has been called postmodern, reflecting on literature and the act of reading, while some has been labeled magical realist, others fables, others simpl -
Carlo Levi
Carlo Levi was an Italian-Jewish painter, writer, activist, anti-fascist, and doctor.
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He is best known for his book, "Cristo si è fermato a Eboli" (Christ Stopped at Eboli), published in 1945; a memoir of his time spent in exile in Lucania, Italy, after being arrested in connection with his political activism. In 1979, the book became the basis of a movie of the same name, directed by Francesco Rosi. Lucania, now called Basilicata, is historically one of the poorest and most backward regions of the impoverished Italian south. Levi's lucid, non-ideological and sympathetic description of the daily hardships experienced by the local peasants helped to propel the "Problem of the South" into national discourse after the end of the World War II. -
Elio Vittorini
Elio Vittorini (July 23, 1908 - February 12, 1966) was an Italian writer and novelist. He was a contemporary of Cesare Pavese and an influential voice in the modernist school of novel writing. His best-known work is the anti-fascist novel Conversations in Sicily, for which he was jailed when it was published in 1941. The first U.S. edition of the novel, published in 1949, included an introduction from Ernest Hemingway, whose style influenced Vittorini and that novel in particular.
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Vittorini was born in Syracuse, Sicily, and throughout his childhood moved around Sicily with his father, a railroad worker. Several times he ran away from home, culminating in his leaving Sicily for good in 1924. For a brief period, he found employment as a constr -
Grazia Deledda
Grazia Maria Cosima Damiana Deledda was an Italian writer who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1926 "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island [i.e. Sardinia] and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general". She was the first Italian woman to receive the prize, and only the second woman in general after Selma Lagerlöf was awarded hers in 1909.
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Euripides
Euripides (Greek: Ευριπίδης) (ca. 480 BC–406 BC) was a tragedian of classical Athens. Along with Aeschylus and Sophocles, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians for whom any plays have survived in full. Some ancient scholars attributed ninety-five plays to him, but the Suda says it was ninety-two at most. Of these, eighteen or nineteen have survived more or less complete (Rhesus is suspect). There are many fragments (some substantial) of most of his other plays. More of his plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles together, partly because his popularity grew as theirs declined—he became, in the Hellenistic Age, a cornerstone of ancient literary education, along with Homer, Demosthenes, and Menander.
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Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic, considered a leading figure in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism. Sartre was one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentialism (and phenomenology). His work has influenced sociology, critical theory, post-colonial theory, and literary studies. He was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature despite attempting to refuse it, saying that he always declined official honors and that "a writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution."
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Sartre held an open relationship with prominent feminist and fellow existentialist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir. Together, Sartre -
Grazia Deledda
Grazia Maria Cosima Damiana Deledda was an Italian writer who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1926 "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island [i.e. Sardinia] and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general". She was the first Italian woman to receive the prize, and only the second woman in general after Selma Lagerlöf was awarded hers in 1909.
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Franz Kafka
Prague-born writer Franz Kafka wrote in German, and his stories, such as " The Metamorphosis " (1916), and posthumously published novels, including The Trial (1925), concern troubled individuals in a nightmarishly impersonal world.
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Jewish middle-class family of this major fiction writer of the 20th century spoke German. People consider his unique body of much incomplete writing, mainly published posthumously, among the most influential in European literature.
His stories include "The Metamorphosis" (1912) and " In the Penal Colony " (1914), whereas his posthumous novels include The Trial (1925), The Castle (1926) and Amerika (1927).
Despite first language, Kafka also spoke fluent Czech. Later, Kafka acquired some knowledge of -
Simone de Beauvoir
Works of Simone de Beauvoir, French writer, existentialist, and feminist, include The Second Sex in 1949 and The Coming of Age , a study in 1970 of views of different cultures on the old.
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Simone de Beauvoir, an author and philosopher, wrote novels, monographs, political and social issues, essays, biographies, and an autobiography. People now best know She Came to Stay and The Mandarins , her metaphysical novels. Her treatise, a foundational contemporary tract, of 1949 detailed analysis of oppression of women. -
Joseph Roth
Joseph Roth, journalist and novelist, was born and grew up in Brody, a small town near Lemberg in East Galicia, part of the easternmost reaches of what was then the Austro-Hungarian empire and is now Ukraine. Roth was born into a Jewish family. He died in Paris after living there in exile.
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Romain Gary
Romain Gary was a Jewish-French novelist, film director, World War II aviator and diplomat. He also wrote under the pen name Émile Ajar .
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Born Roman Kacew (Yiddish: קצב, Russian: Кацев), Romain Gary grew up in Vilnius to a family of Lithuanian Jews. He changed his name to Romain Gary when he escaped occupied France to fight with Great Britain against Germany in WWII. His father, Arieh-Leib Kacew, abandoned his family in 1925 and remarried. From this time Gary was raised by his mother, Nina Owczinski. When he was fourteen, he and his mother moved to Nice, France. In his books and interviews, he presented many different versions of his father's origin, parents, occupation and childhood.
He later studied law, first in Aix-en-Provence and then -
Carlo Levi
Carlo Levi was an Italian-Jewish painter, writer, activist, anti-fascist, and doctor.
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He is best known for his book, "Cristo si è fermato a Eboli" (Christ Stopped at Eboli), published in 1945; a memoir of his time spent in exile in Lucania, Italy, after being arrested in connection with his political activism. In 1979, the book became the basis of a movie of the same name, directed by Francesco Rosi. Lucania, now called Basilicata, is historically one of the poorest and most backward regions of the impoverished Italian south. Levi's lucid, non-ideological and sympathetic description of the daily hardships experienced by the local peasants helped to propel the "Problem of the South" into national discourse after the end of the World War II. -
Robert Merle
Born in Tebessa located in ,what was then, the French colony of Algeria. Robert Merle and his family moved to France in 1918. Merle wrote in many styles and won the Prix Goncourt for his novel Week-end à Zuydcoote. He has also written a 13 book series of historical novels, Fortune de France. Recreating 16th and 17th century France through the eyes of a fictitious Protestant doctor turned spy, he went so far as to write it in the period's French making it virtually untranslatable.
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His novels Un animal doué de la raison (A Sentient Animal, 1967), a stark Cold War satire inspired by John Lilly's studies of dolphins and the Caribbean Crisis, and Malevil (1972), a post-apocalyptic story, were both translated into English and filmed, the former as -
Cesare Pavese
Cesare Pavese was born in a small town in which his father, an official, owned property. He attended school and later, university, in Turin. Denied an outlet for his creative powers by Fascist control of literature, Pavese translated many 20th-century American writers in the 1930s and '40s: Sherwood Anderson, Gertrude Stein, John Steinbeck, John Dos Passos, Ernest Hemingway, and William Faulkner; a 19th-century writer who influenced him profoundly, Herman Melville (one of his first translations was of Moby Dick); and the Irish novelist James Joyce. He also published criticism, posthumously collected in La letteratura americana e altri saggi (1951; American Literature, Essays and Opinions, 1970).
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A founder and, until his death, an editor of t -
Italo Calvino
Italo Calvino was born in Cuba and grew up in Italy. He was a journalist and writer of short stories and novels. His best known works include the Our Ancestors trilogy (1952-1959), the Cosmicomics collection of short stories (1965), and the novels Invisible Cities (1972) and If On a Winter's Night a Traveler (1979).
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His style is not easy to classify; much of his writing has an air reminiscent to that of fantastical fairy tales (Our Ancestors, Cosmicomics), although sometimes his writing is more "realistic" and in the scenic mode of observation (Difficult Loves, for example). Some of his writing has been called postmodern, reflecting on literature and the act of reading, while some has been labeled magical realist, others fables, others simpl -
Giovanni Verga
Giovanni Verga was an Italian realist writer, best known for his depictions of life in Sicily, and especially for the short story Cavalleria Rusticana and the novel I Malavoglia.
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The first son of Giovanni Battista Catalano Verga and Caterina Di Mauro, Verga was born into a prosperous family of Catania in Sicily. He began writing in his teens, producing the largely unpublished historical novel Amore e Patria (Love and Country); then, although nominally studying law at the University of Catania, he used money his father had given him to publish his I Carbonari della Montagna (The Carbonari of the Mountain) in 1861 and 1862. This was followed by Sulle Lagune (In the Lagoons) in 1863.
Meanwhile, Verga had been serving in the Catania National Guar -
Elio Vittorini
Elio Vittorini (July 23, 1908 - February 12, 1966) was an Italian writer and novelist. He was a contemporary of Cesare Pavese and an influential voice in the modernist school of novel writing. His best-known work is the anti-fascist novel Conversations in Sicily, for which he was jailed when it was published in 1941. The first U.S. edition of the novel, published in 1949, included an introduction from Ernest Hemingway, whose style influenced Vittorini and that novel in particular.
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Vittorini was born in Syracuse, Sicily, and throughout his childhood moved around Sicily with his father, a railroad worker. Several times he ran away from home, culminating in his leaving Sicily for good in 1924. For a brief period, he found employment as a constr -
Elsa Morante
Elsa Morante began writing short stories which appeared in various publications and periodicals, including periodicals for children, in the 1930s. Her first book was a collection of some of the stories, Il Gioco Segreto, published in 1941. It was followed in 1942 by a children's book, La Bellissime avventure di Caterì dalla Trecciolina (rewritten in 1959 as Le straordinarie avventure di Caterina).
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She married the novelist Alberto Moravia in 1941, and through him she met many of the leading Italian thinkers and writers of the day as Pier Paolo Pasolini, Dario Bellezza, Sandro Penna, Attilio Bertolucci, Umberto Saba and many others. -
Sadegh Chubak
صادق چوبک زاده تیرماه ۱۲۹۵ در بوشهرنویسنده ایرانی است.وی به همراه صادق هدایت از پیشگامان داستان نویسی مدرن ایران است. از آثار مشهور وی مجموعه داستان انتری که لوطی اش مرده بود ورمانهای سنگ صبور و تنگسیر نام برد.اکثرداستانهای وی حکایت تیره روزی مردمی است که اسیر خرافه و مذهب و نادانی خویش هستند. چوبک با توجه به خشونت رفتاری ای که در طبقات فرودست دیده می شد سراغ شخصیت ها وماجراهایی رفت که هرکدام بخشی از این رفتار را بازتاب می دادند و به شدّت ره به تاریکی میبردند. او یک رئالیست تمام عیاربود که با منعکس کردن چرک ها و و زخمهای طبقه رها شده فرودست نه در جستجوی درمان آنها بود و نه تلاش داشت پیشوای فکری نسلی شود که تاب این همه زشتی را نداشت.به همین دلیل چهره کریه و ناخوشایندی که از انسان بی چیز، گرسنه و فاقد رویا ارائه می دهد، نه تنها مبنای آرمان گ
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Andrea Bajani
Scrittore e giornalista italiano. Autore di romanzi e racconti, ma anche di reportage, opere teatrali e traduzioni di opere dal francese e dall'inglese. Nel 2002 pubblica il suo primo romanzo, Morto un Papa.
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Nel 2008 vince il Premio Super Mondello, il Premio Recanati e il Premio Brancati con il romanzo Se consideri le colpe .
Nel 2011 vince il Premio Bagutta con il romanzo Ogni promessa. -
Jostein Gaarder
Jostein Gaarder is a Norwegian intellectual and author of several novels, short stories, and children's books. Gaarder often writes from the perspective of children, exploring their sense of wonder about the world. He often uses meta-fiction in his works, writing stories within stories.
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Gaarder was born into a pedagogical family. His best known work is the novel Sophie's World, subtitled "A Novel about the History of Philosophy." This popular work has been translated into fifty-three languages; there are over thirty million copies in print, with three million copies sold in Germany alone.
In 1997, he established the Sophie Prize together with his wife Siri Dannevig. This prize is an international environment and development prize (USD 100,000 -
Samuel Beckett
Novels of Samuel Barclay Beckett, Irish writer, include Murphy in 1938 and Malone Dies in 1951; a wider audience know his absurdist plays, such as Waiting for Godot in 1952 and Krapp's Last Tape in 1959, and he won the Nobel Prize of 1969 for literature.
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Samuel Barclay Beckett, an avant-garde theater director and poet, lived in France for most of his adult life. He used English and French. His work offers a bleak, tragicomic outlook on human nature, often coupled with black gallows humor.
People regard most influence of Samuel Barclay Beckett of the 20th century. James Augustine Aloysius Joyce strongly influenced him, whom people consider as one modernist. People sometimes consider him as an inspiration to many later first p -
Fyodor Dostoevsky
Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский (Russian)
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Works, such as the novels Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1869), and The Brothers Karamazov (1880), of Russian writer Feodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky or Dostoevski combine religious mysticism with profound psychological insight.
Very influential writings of Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin included Problems of Dostoyevsky's Works (1929),
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky composed short stories, essays, and journals. His literature explores humans in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century and engages with a variety of philosophies and themes. People most acclaimed his Demons(1872) .
Many literary critics rate him among the greatest authors of worl -
Abbas Maroufi
Abbas Maroufi (عباس معروفی) was an Iranian novelist and journalist.
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Raised and educated in Tehran, Abbas Maroufi studied dramatic arts at Tehran University while teaching at schools and writing for the newspapers. He served as the editor in chief of the literary Gardun magazine from 1990 to 1995. His first published work was a collection of short stories entitled Into the Sun. He also wrote a few plays which were performed on stage. In his The Last Superior Generation, he touched on social themes. His last collection of short stories, The Scent of the Jasmine was published in the United States.
Maroufi came to prominence with the publication of Symphony of the Dead (1989) which is narrated in the form of a symphony.
Maroufi currently resides i -
Iraj Pezeshkzad
Iraj Pezeshkzad (1928 in Tehran - 12 January 2022 in Los Angeles) was an Iranian writer and author of the famous Persian novel "Dā'i Jān Napoleon" (دایی جان ناپلئون) (Uncle Napoleon, translated as "My Uncle Napoleon") published in the early 1970s.
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Iraj Pezeshkzad was educated in Iran and France where he received his degree in Law. He served as a judge in the Iranian Judiciary for five years prior to joining the Iranian Foreign Service. He began writing in the early 1950s by translating the works of Voltaire and Molière into Persian and by writing short stories for magazines. His novels include "Haji Mam-ja'far in Paris", and "Mashalah Khan in the Court of Haroun al-Rashid". He has also written several plays and various articles on the Irania -
Salvatore Scibona
He is an award-winning American novelist and short-story writer. He has won awards for both his novels and short stories, and was selected in 2010 as one of The New Yorker "Fiction Writers to Watch: 20 under 40"
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Robert Linhart
Politician, sociologist and philosopher.
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Former student of the Lycée Louis-le-Grand and the École normale supérieure (promotion 1963 Letters), doctor of state in sociology, he was a lecturer in the philosophy department of the University of Paris VIII. -
Emilio Lussu
Avvocato, scrittore, leader politico e leggendario combattente; figura di grande rilievo della cultura sarda e italiana. Nacque ad Armungia nel 1890 da una famiglia di piccoli proprietari terrieri. Gli fu impartita un'educazione di tipo tradizionale, fatto da lui sempre ricordato con commozione e orgoglio. Si laureò a Cagliari in giurisprudenza. Partecipò alla prima guerra mondiale come ufficiale di complemento della Brigata "Sassari", distinguendosi per lo straordinario coraggio, l'umanità ed il grande carisma.
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Rientrato in Sardegna, fu tra i protagonisti del movimento autonomista ex-combattentista, che mirava a riscattare la Sardegna dall'atavica sottomissione. Con importanti personaggi, quali Camillo Bellieni, Pietro Mastino e Paolo Pili, -
Piero Chiara
Pierino Angelo Carmelo "Piero" Chiara (Luino 1913 – Varese 1986) è stato uno scrittore italiano, tra i più noti della seconda metà del XX secolo.
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Piero Chiara was an Italian writer. He was born in Luino, on Lake Maggiore (northern Italy) into a family of Sicilian origin. Sought by the Fascist milice during World War II, he fled to Switzerland in 1944. He returned to Italy two years later, starting the activity of writer.His most famous work is La stanza del vescovo of 1976, which was turned into a film by Dino Risi soon afterwards.
He died in Varese in 1986. -
Antonio Fogazzaro
Fogazzaro was born in Vicenza to a rich family.
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In 1864 he got a law degree in Turin. In Milan he followed the scapigliatura movement.
In 1869 he was back in Vicenza to work as lawyer, but he left this path very soon to write books full time.
In his works one finds a constant conflict between sense of duty and passions, faith and reason. In some cases this brings the tormented soul of characters into mystic experiences. Arguably his masterpiece was Piccolo Mondo Antico (variously titled in English translations as The Patriot or as Little World of the Past). This well written novel is set in his beloved Valsolda on Lake Lugano, Italy, in the 1850s. It has delightful evocations of the landscape, and strong characterizations which reveal the inne -
Simone Pieranni
Simone Pieranni, laureato in Scienze Politiche, nel 2009 ha fondato China Files, agenzia editoriale con sede a Pechino che collabora con media italiani con reportage e articoli sulla Cina. Dal 2006 al 2014 ha vissuto in Cina, scrivendo per media italiani e internazionali. Dal 2014 lavora alla redazione esteri del Manifesto.
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Vincenzo Consolo
Vincenzo Consolo (born in Sant'Agata di Militello on February 18, 1933) is an Italian writer. He has lived in Milan since 1969. He debuted in 1963, but gained wider attention in 1976 with Il sorriso dell’ignoto marinaio (The Smile of the Unknown Mariner) and has since become an awards wining author. He is convinced that ""non si possono scrivere romanzi perché ingannano il lettore", and writes novels with a poetic influence.
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Carlos Reyes
Guionista de historietas, comunicador audiovisual y docente. Miembro fundador de www.ergocomics.cl, facebook y sitio web para el que escribe artículos y entrevistas sobre narrativa gráfica. Ha organizado y participado en diversos festivales de historieta y en la fundación de un par de editoriales. Ha colaborado con prólogos, ensayos, entrevistas e historietas en diversas publicaciones chilenas y extranjeras.
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